The Copenhagen Network

This book is a historical analysis of the quantum mechanical revolution and the emergence of a new discipline from the perspective, not of a professor, but of a recent or actual Ph.D. student just embarking on an uncertain academic career in economically hard times. Quantum mechanics exploded on to the intellectual scene between 1925 and 1927, with more than 200 publications across the world, the majority of them authored by young scientists under the age of 30, graduate students or postdoctoral fellows. The resulting theory was a collective product that no single authority could claim, but it had a major geographical nod - the Copenhagen Institute of Theoretical Physics - where most of the informal, pre-published exchange of ideas occurred and where every participant of the new community aspired to visit. A rare combination of circumstances and resources - political, diplomatic, financial, and intellectual - allowed Niels Bohr to establish this "Mecca" of quantum theory outside of traditional and more powerful centres of science. Transitory international postdoctoral fellows, rather than established professors, developed a culture of research that became the source of major innovations in the field. Temporary assistantships, postdoctoral positions, and their equivalents were the chief mode of existence for young academics during the period of economic crisis and post-WWI international tensions. Insecure career trajectories and unpredictable moves through non-stable temporary positions contributed to their general outlook and interpretations of the emerging theory of quantum mechanics. This book is part of a four-volume collection addressing the beginnings of quantum physics research at the major European centres of Göttingen, Copenhagen, Berlin, and Munich; these works emerged from an expansive study on the quantum revolution as a major transformation of physical knowledge undertaken by the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science and the Fritz Haber Institute (2006-2012). For more on this project, see the dedicated Feature Story, The Networks of Early Quantum Theory, at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/feature-story/networks-early-quantum-theory

Auteur

Alexei Kojevnikov received his Ph.D. in History of Science from the Institute for History of Science and Technology in Moscow. After a Humboldt fellowship in Germany and several postdoctoral and faculty positions in the USA, he teaches History of Science at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. His research focuses on the history and social relations of modern physics, combining it with approaches from cultural history. He authored Stalin's Great Science: The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists (London, 2004) and Rockefeller Philanthropies and Soviet Science (St. Petersburg, 1993) and edited Science in Russian Context (a special issue of Science in Context, 2002). He is also a Co-Editor of Weimar Culture and Quantum Mechanics (Singapore, 2011), Intelligentsia Science: The Russian Century, 1860-1960 (Chicago, 2008), and Paul Dirac and Physics of the 20th Century (Moscow, 1990).

Contenu
Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 KnabenPhysik

1.2 Mecca of Theoretical Physics

Chapter 2 - Scandinavian Settings

2.1 Experiment under Theory

2.2 New Blood

2.3 Meanings of Internationalism

Chapter 3 - International Networking

3.1 The Manchester Link

3.2 First German Connection

3.3 New Partners

3.4 The Value of Neutrality

Chapter 4 - A Kuhnian Crisis

4.1 The Field in Disarray

4.2 American Voyage

4.3 The Copenhagen Putsch

Chapter 5 - Revolt of the Postdoc

5.1 Marginal Intruders and the Light Quantum

5.2 Inflation and Quasi-Free Postdocs

5.3 Werner Heisenberg's Wanderjahre

5.4 Quantum Mechanics Community

Chapter 6 - Philosophical Wrangling

6.1 The Problem with Quantum Philosophy

6.2 Matrix Mechanics (Fall 1925)

6.3 Wave Mechanics (Spring 1926)

6.4 Quantum Mechanics (Fall 1926)

6.5 Philosophies of Compromise (1927)

6.6 Discussion

Chapter 7 - Conclusions and the Forman Thesis