X-Ray Astronomy with the Einstein Satellite

The meeting of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the American Astronomical Society, held in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 28- 30, 1980, marks the coming of age of X-ray astronomy. In the 18 years since the discovery of the first extrasolar X-ray source, Sco X-l, the field has experienced an extremely rapid instrumentation development culminating with the launch on November 13, 1978 of the Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) which first introduced the use of high resolution imaging telescopes to the study of galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources. The Einstein Observatory instruments can detect sources as faint as 10-7 Sco X-lor about 17 magnitudes fainter. The technological developments in the field have been paralleled by a host of new discoveries: in the early 1960's the detection of 9 "X-ray stars", objects 10 times more luminous in X-rays than the Sun and among the brightest stellar objects at all wavelengths; in the late 1960's and early 1970's the discovery of the natureof such systems which were identified as collapsed stars (neutron stars and black holes) in mass exchange binary systems, and the detection of the first few extragalactic sources.

Auteur

Riccardo Giacconi, Harvard/Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Nobel Laureate in Physics in 2002 "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"

Contenu

1. Non-Degenerate Stellar X-Ray Sources and Stellar Coronae.- The Einstein/CFA Stellar Survey: Overview of the Data and Interpretation of Results.- Theory of Stellar Coronae: An Interpretation of X-Ray Emission from Non-degenerate Stellar Sources.- 2. Supernova Remnants.- X-Ray Imaging: Supernova Remnants.- X-ray Spectra of Supernova Remnants.- 3. Bursters, Globular Clusters and Galactic X-Ray Sources.- Observations of X-Ray Bursts by the Hakucho Satellite.- X-Ray Sources in Globular Clusters.- Models for Galactic X-Ray Sources.- Binary X-Ray Pulsars.- 4. Normal Galaxies.- X-Ray Emission from Normal Galaxies.- 5. Active Galaxies and QSO's (I).- Spectroscopy of Compact Extragalactic X-Ray Sources.- 6. Clusters of Galaxies.- Einstein Imaging Observations of Clusters of Galaxies.- X-Ray Spectra of Clusters of Galaxies.- Theoretical Models of X-Ray Emission from Rich Clusters of Galaxies.- Extragalactic Radio Sources and X-Ray Astronomy.- 7. Active Galaxies and QSO's (II).- X-Ray ImagingObservations of Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars.- Optical Counts and Space Distribution of Quasars.- 8. Surveys And Cosmology.- The Number-Intensity Distribution for Extragalactic X-Ray Sources.- X-Ray Observations and the Cosmic Distance Scale.- Galaxy Formation in a Violent Universe.