Reversible Grammar in Natural Language Processing

Reversible grammar allows computational models to be built that are equally well suited for the analysis and generation of natural language utterances. This task can be viewed from very different perspectives by theoretical and computational linguists, and computer scientists. The papers in this volume present a broad range of approaches to reversible, bi-directional, and non-directional grammar systems that have emerged in recent years. This is also the first collection entirely devoted to the problems of reversibility in natural language processing.
Most papers collected in this volume are derived from presentations at a workshop held at the University of California at Berkeley in the summer of 1991 organised under the auspices of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
This book will be a valuable reference to researchers in linguistics and computer science with interests in computational linguistics, natural language processing, and machine translation, as well as in practical aspects of computability.

Contenu
Contributors.- Preface.- 1 A Reversible Constraint-based Iogic Grammar: Application to the Treatment of Secondary Predication and Small Clauses.- 1 Introduction.- 2 A type-based description language.- 3 Dealing with constraints.- 4 Processing Language with types and constraints.- 5 An abstract machine for type construction in a parsing process.- 6 An Abstract Machine for Language Generation.- 7 An Application to Secondary Predications and Small Clauses in Portuguese.- 8 Specific features of our approach.- 9 Conclusion.- 2 Inherently Reversible Grammars.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Definite programs and computation.- 3 Grammars and their computational uses.- 4 Definite programs, uniformity of implementation, and reversibil-ity.- 5 Inherently reversible grammars.- 6 Some counter-examples to finite reversibility and a modera-tion condition on linguistic description.- 7 Appendix.- 3 Reversibility and Self- Monitoring in Natural Language Generation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Reversible grammars.- 3 Modularity in Generation Systems.- 4 Integration of Parsing and Generation.- 5 Generation of Unambiguous Utterances.- 6 Generation of Paraphrases.- 7 Discussion.- 8 Future work.- 4 A Uniform Architecture For Parsing, Generation and Transfer.- 1 Principles for a uniform architecture.- 2 A rewrite machine for typed feature structures.- 3 Parsing, generation, and bidirectional transfer.- 4 The termination problem and efficiency issues.- 5 Conclusion.- 5 Handling Felicity Conditions With A Reversible Architecture.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Felicity Conditions for a Reversible Architecture.- 3 A Data Structure for a Reversible Architecture.- 4 Towards a New Reversible Architecture.- 5 Discussion.- 6 Conclusion.- 6 Common Heuristics for Parsing, Generation, and Whatever.- 1 Introduction.- 2Constraint Network.- 3 Computation.- 4 Parsing.- 5 Generation.- 6 Concluding Remarks.- 7 Compiling Trace & Unification Grammar.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Formalism.- 3 Compiling Trace & Unification Grammar.- 4 Conclusion.- 8 A General Computational Method for Grammar Inversion.- 1 Reversible Grammars.- 2 In and Out Arguments in Literals.- 3 Essential Arguments: An Extension.- 4 Intra-Clausal Inversion.- 5 Moving Literals Between Clauses.- 6 Inter-Clausal Inversion.- 7 Conclusions.- 9 Bi-Directional Preferences.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Basic Definitions.- 3 An Algorithm.- 4 Some Examples of Preferences.- 5 Extensions: Complex Preferences.- 6 Bi-Directional Preferences.- 7 Conclusion.- 10.Handling Syntactic Alternatives in A Reversible Grammar.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Grammar Formalism and Thematic System.- 3 Discourse Parameters.- 4 How the discourse parameters are encoded in the grammar.- 5 Some Examples.- 6 Discussion.- 7 Conclusions.- 11 Reversible Nlp by Linking the Grammar to The Knowledge Base.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Reversibility through compilation.- 3 The 'pivot-point' between generation and comprehension.- 4 Parsing to objects.- 5 Linking linguistic resources to objects.- 6 Summary of the approach.- 7 Parsing Tree Adjoining Grammars.- 8 Exploded Tree Families.- 9 An example of the objects recovered by a parse.- 10 Is it Still a TAG?.- 11 Concluding remarks.- 12 Reversible Grammars and Their Application in Machine Translation.- 1 MT as Knowledge Description.- 2 Grammar Reversibility.- 3 ELU.- 4 Description of the Grammar.- 5 Conclusion.- 13 Reversible Machine Translation: What to Do When the Languages Don't Match Up.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Translation Divergences and Mismatches.- 3 Viewing the Problem as One of Generation.- 4 The Role of the Knowledge Base.- 5 DefiningWhat it Means to be a Correct Rendition of an Input.- DLSS.- 6 A Closest-Fit Generation Algorithm.- 7 Heuristic Improvements.- 8 Conclusion.- 14 A Generationist Approach to Grammar Reversibility in Natural Language Processing.- 1 The 'formal linguistics' approach to the issue.- 2 The argument in a nutshell.- 3 Some supporting evidence: the different problems of processing in the two directions.- 4 The linguistic archipelago.- 5 Fleshing out the argument: overview of a complete system.- 6 Generators derived from parsers: a discussion.- 7 Conclusions.- 15 Semantic Interpretation in a Systemic Functional Grammar.- 1 Introduction.- 2 What About Syntax?.- 3 Overview.- 4 Finding the Features.- 5 Disjunction: Inclusive, Exclusive or Both?.- 6 Conclusions.