Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos

Informationen zum Autor Professor Anastasios Eleftheriou is based at the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, and at the Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. Klappentext The continuing global decline of the health of the sea, and the increasing depletion of marine resources and biodiversity, caused by human activity and climate change, have led to ever-increasing international concern. These changes in the marine environment highlight the importance of effective monitoring of the ecology of the benthos which has been shown to be a sensitive index of such alterations.Completely revised and updated to include many new methods and technologies, this Fourth Edition of Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos provides comprehensive coverage on the tools and techniques available to those working in the area. Commencing with an overview of the design and analysis of benthic surveys, the book continues with chapters covering the sedimentary environment, imaging and diving techniques, macro- and meiofauna techniques, deep sea sampling, energy flow and production. An additional new chapter provided in this edition covers phytobenthos techniques.Written by many of the world's leading authorities in marine sampling techniques and use, and edited by Professor Anastasios Eleftheriou, this comprehensive Fourth Edition is an essential tool for all marine and environmental scientists, ecologists, fisheries workers and oceanographers. Libraries in all research establishments and universities where these subjects are studied and taught will find this book to be a hugely valuable addition to their collections. Zusammenfassung Due to its sensitivity to ecological change, the benthic environment a term commonly used to describe the plants and animals living at the bottom of the sea is becoming a crucial topic in these days of rapid climate change. Inhaltsverzeichnis ContributorsDedicationPreface to the Fourth EditionAcknowledgementsChapter 1 Design and Analysis in Benthic Surveys in Environmental SamplingAnthony J. Underwood and Maura G. Chapman1.1 Introduction1.2 Variability in benthic populations1.3 Appropriate replicationAppropriate spatial replicationAppropriate temporal replication1.4 Size of sampling unit1.5 Independence in sampling1.6 Multivariate measures of assemblages1.7 Transformations and scales of measurement1.8 Data-checking and quality control1.9 Detecting environmental impacts as statistical interactions1.10 Precautionary principles and errors in interpretations1.11 Precision and the size of samples1.12 Gradients and hierarchies in sampling1.13 Combining results from different places or times1.14 ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesChapter 2 Characterising the Physical Properties of Seabed HabitatsAndrew J. Kenny and Ian Sotheran2.1 Introduction2.2 Remote acoustic methods for surveying the seabedBackgroundEcho-sounders (single beam systems)Acoustic ground discrimination systems based on single beam echo-sounderSwathe bathymetry2.3 Particle (grain) size analysisSample collection and storageSediment grade scalesAnalytical techniquesPresentation and analysis of grain size data2.4 Other important sediment propertiesBulk and dry density, water content and porosityOrganic matter contentChlorophyllEPS carbohydrateTemperatureEh and pHIn Situ Sediment Characterisation MethodsDisclaimerReferencesChapter 3 Imaging TechniquesChris J. Smith and Heye Rumohr3.1 Introduction3.2 Acoustic imagingAcoustic ground discriminating systemsSidescan sonarSwathe bathymetry3.3 VideoUnderwater video camera systemsLensesHousingsData transmissionFormatStorage mediaPower supplyVideo monitorsIlluminationCalibration and measurement3.4 Photography3.5 Carrier platformsDivingDrop framesSpecialised towed platformsRemote...

Auteur
Professor Anastasios Eleftheriou is based at the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, and at the Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.

Texte du rabat

The continuing global decline of the health of the sea, and the increasing depletion of marine resources and biodiversity, caused by human activity and climate change, have led to ever-increasing international concern. These changes in the marine environment highlight the importance of effective monitoring of the ecology of the benthos which has been shown to be a sensitive index of such alterations. Completely revised and updated to include many new methods and technologies, this Fourth Edition of Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos provides comprehensive coverage on the tools and techniques available to those working in the area. Commencing with an overview of the design and analysis of benthic surveys, the book continues with chapters covering the sedimentary environment, imaging and diving techniques, macro- and meiofauna techniques, deep sea sampling, energy flow and production. An additional new chapter provided in this edition covers phytobenthos techniques. Written by many of the world's leading authorities in marine sampling techniques and use, and edited by Professor Anastasios Eleftheriou, this comprehensive Fourth Edition is an essential tool for all marine and environmental scientists, ecologists, fisheries workers and oceanographers. Libraries in all research establishments and universities where these subjects are studied and taught will find this book to be a hugely valuable addition to their collections.

Contenu

Contributors Dedication Preface to the Fourth Edition Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Design and Analysis in Benthic Surveys in Environmental Sampling Anthony J. Underwood and Maura G. Chapman 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Variability in benthic populations 1.3 Appropriate replication Appropriate spatial replication Appropriate temporal replication 1.4 Size of sampling unit 1.5 Independence in sampling 1.6 Multivariate measures of assemblages 1.7 Transformations and scales of measurement 1.8 Data-checking and quality control 1.9 Detecting environmental impacts as statistical interactions 1.10 Precautionary principles and errors in interpretations 1.11 Precision and the size of samples 1.12 Gradients and hierarchies in sampling 1.13 Combining results from different places or times 1.14 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 2 Characterising the Physical Properties of Seabed Habitats Andrew J. Kenny and Ian Sotheran 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Remote acoustic methods for surveying the seabed Background Echo-sounders (single beam systems) Acoustic ground discrimination systems based on single beam echo-sounder Swathe bathymetry 2.3 Particle (grain) size analysis Sample collection and storage Sediment grade scales Analytical techniques Presentation and analysis of grain size data 2.4 Other important sediment properties Bulk and dry density, water content and porosity Organic matter content Chlorophyll EPS carbohydrate Temperature Eh and pH In Situ Sediment Characterisation Methods Disclaimer References Chapter 3 Imaging Techniques Chris J. Smith and Heye Rumohr 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Acoustic imaging Acoustic ground discriminating systems Sidescan sonar Swathe bathymetry 3.3 Video Underwater video camera systems Lenses Housings Data transmission Format Storage media Power supply Video monitors Illumination Calibration and measurement 3.4 Photography 3.5 Carrier platforms Diving Drop frames Specialised towed platforms Remotely operated vehicles Autonomous underwater vehicles Manned submersibles Navigation and positioning of the carrier platform Data acquisition and processing 3.6 Special applications Sediment profile imagery Laser technologies Application of medical technologies 3.7 Laboratory imaging 3.8 Image analysis 3.9 Afternote References Chapter 4 Diving Colin Munro 4.1 Diving systems SCUBA Remotely supplied systems Breathing gas and supply systems 4.2 Saturation diving and underwater habitats 4.3 Data collection and recording Slate or notepad and pencil Voice r…