Spinoza s Algebraic Calculation of the Rainbow & Calculation of Chances

A. THE TEXT The main importance of these two treatises lies in the insight they provide into Spinoza's conception of the relation between mathematics and certain disciplines not touched upon elsewhere in his major writings. The mathematics they involve are not the as those of the Ethics however, and the precise connection same between the geometrical order of this work and these excursions into optics and probability is by no means obvious. Add to this difficulty the knotty problems presented by their editorial his tory, dating and scientific background, and it is not perhaps surprising that in spite of the fact that they provide such an excellent illustration of Spinoza's reaction to certain important developments in the history of physics and mathematics, they should not, so far, have attracted much attention. They were first published in 1687 by Levyn van Dyck (d. 1695), official printer to the town council in The Hague. Printing anything by Spinoza was not without its risks, and it is probably significant that during the same year van Dyck should also have published a lengthy and elaborate refutation of Spinozism by 1 the pious and eccentric physician ]. F. Helvetius. Spinoza's name was omitted from the title-page, possibly because the editor or publisher thought that his reputation as an atheist might prejudice the sale of the booklet, and it was not until 1860 that the Amsterdam bookseller Frederik Muller (1817-1881) identified him as its author.

Auteur
Baruch de Spinoza (1632-1677) war der Sohn einer portugiesischen Kaufmannsfamilie mit iberisch-jüdischen Wurzeln. Bald schon setzte er sich kritisch mit dem orthodoxen Judentum auseinander, was ihm 1656 die Verbannung aus der jüdischen Gemeinde eintrug. Die Exkommunikation beförderte seine Bibel- und Religionskritik und schlug sich in den beiden auf den Index gesetzten Hauptschriften, der Ethik und dem Tractatus theologico-politicus, nieder. Philosophiegeschichtlich nimmt Spinoza innerhalb des Rationalismus einen bedeutenden Stellenwert ein und gilt als Pionier der europäischen Aufklärung.

Contenu
Algebraic Calculation of the Rainbow.- To the Reader.- Calculation of the Rainbow.- Calculation of Chances.- First proposition.- Second proposition.- The Text.- Appendix: The authenticity and significance of the texts on the rainbow and probability.- A. Spinoza's contemporaries.- B. The 1687 edition.- C. Background and editorial work since 1860.- D. The significance.