Twenty-First Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals

153 posters. While plant biotechnology for enzyme production and designer biomass merged as "hot topics" throughout the Symposium, the preface for each session is included in the introductions. Special topic discussions were led on "Brazilian Bioethanol Progress" by Gisella Zanin, State University of Maringa, Brazil, and on "Nontradi tional Bioprocessing" by Gene Petersen, National Renewable Energy Labo ratory, Golden, CO. A tour of the Colorado Bioprocessing Center, a "state of the art" con tract research facility at Colorado State University highlighted the process development and scale-up activities ongoing with several industrial clients. The 1999 Charles D. Scott Award for Distinguished Contributions in the field of Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals was presented to Dr. Charles E. Wyman, Dartmouth College professor, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire. This award is named in honor of Dr. Charles D. Scott, the founder of this Symposium and its chair for the first ten years.

Inhalt
Fundamental Factors Affecting Biomass Enzymatic Reactivity.- Fourier Transform Infrared Quantification of Sugars in Pretreated Biomass Liquors.- Floating Cultivation of Marine Cyanobacteria Using Coal Fly Ash.- A Kinetic Study of Lipase-Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Palm Kernel Oil.- Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Steam-Pretreated Spruce to Ethanol.- Cellulose and Hemicellulose Hydrolysis Models for Application to Current and Novel Pretreatment Processes.- Effect of Chip Size on Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Softwood.- Simultaneous Saccharification and Cofermentation of Peracetic Acid-Pretreated Biomass.- Pretreatment of Wastepaper and Pulp Mill Sludge by Aqueous Ammonia and Hydrogen Peroxide.- Fermentations of Pectin-Rich Biomass with Recombinant Bacteria to Produce Fuel Ethanol.- Oxidative Cracking of Precipitated Hardwood Lignin by Hydrogen Peroxide.- Optimizing Ammonia Pressurization/Depressurization Processing Conditions to Enhance Enzymatic Susceptibility of Dwarf Elephant Grass.- Development of New Ethanologenic Escherichia coli Strains for Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Biomass.- Characterization and Complementation of a Pichia stipitis Mutant Unable to Grow on D-Xylose or L-Arabinose.- Investigation of the Cell-Wall Loosening Protein Expansin as a Possible Additive in the Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass.- Butanol Production Using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 Hyper-Butanol Producing Mutant Strain and Recovery by Pervaporation.- Enzyme Production of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 on Various Lignocellulosic Substrates.- Nitrogen Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Invertase: Role of the URE2 Gene.- N-Demethylation of Methylene Blue by Lignin Peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Stoichiometric Relation for H2O2Consumption.- Endocellulase and Exocellulase Activities of Two Streptomyces Strains Isolated from a Forest Soil.- Comparative Energetics of Glucose and Xylose Metabolism in Recombinant Zymomonas mobilis.- Continuous Fermentation Studies with Xylose-Utilizing Recombinant Zymomonas mobilis.- Improvement of Enantioselectivity of Chiral Organophosphate Insecticide Hydrolysis by Bacterial Phosphotriesterase.- Enhanced Alkaline Protease Production in Addition to ?-Amylase via Constructing a Bacillus subtilis Strain.- Methods to Enhance Tolerances of Chlorella KR-1 to Toxic Compounds in Flue Gas.- Characterization of a High-Productivity Recombinant Strain of Zymomonas mobilis for Ethanol Production from Glucose /Xylose Mixtures.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Acetic Acid Inhibition of Rec Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 (pZB5).- Effects of Environmental Conditions on Xylose Reductase and Xylitol Dehydrogenase Production by Candida guilliermondii.- Construction of Recombinant Escherichia coli Strains for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production Using Soy Waste as Nutrient.- Effect of Temperature on Growth of Psychrophilic and Psychrotrophic Members of Rhodotorula aurantiaca.- Self-Assembling Photosynthetic Reaction Centers on Electrodes for Current Generation.- Fabrication of an Electrode-Viologen-Hydrogenase Heterogeneous System and the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution.- Successive Construction of Cellulase Hyperproducers of Trichoderma Using Hyperpolyploids.- Effect of Light/Dark Cycle on Bacterial Hydrogen Production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides RV: From Hour to Second Range.- Two-Dimensional Analysis of Proteins Specific to the Bacterial Magnetic Particle Membrane from Magnetospirillum sp. AMB-1.- Salinity-Regulated Replication of the Endogenous Plasmid pSY10 from the Marine CyanobacteriumSynechococcus sp..- Production of Lactic Acid from Pulp Mill Waste and Xylose Using Lactobacillus delbrueckii (NRRL B445).- Design and Performance of a Fibrous Bed Bioreactor for Odor Treatment.- ?-Amylase Production by Free and Immobilized Bacillus subtilis.- Effects of Trace Levels of Copper, Chromium, and Zinc Ions on the Performance of Activated Sludge.- Repeated Solid-Phase Fermentation and Extraction for Enzyme Production.- Ethanol Production from Glucose amd Xylose by Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis CP4 (pZB5).- Coproduction of Ethanol and Glycerol.- Two-Stage Dilute-Acid Pretreatment of Softwoods.- Simulated Dynamics and Control of an Extractive Alcoholic Fermentation.- Mathematical Modeling of Controlled-Release Systems of Herbicides Using Lignins as Matrices: A Review.- Influence of Lignocellulose-Derived Aromatic Compounds on Oxygen-Limited Growth and Ethanolic Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- Efect of the Oxygen Transfer Coefficient on Xylitol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate by Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor Fermentation.- Study of Biocatalyst to Produce Ethanol from Starch: Coimmobilization of Glucoamylase and Yeast in Gel.- Study of Different Media for Production of Penicillin G Acylase from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14945.- High-Yield Fermentation of Pentoses into Lactic Acid.- Cellulase Production of Trichoderma reesei Rut C 30 Using Steam-Pretreated Spruce: Hydrolytic Potential of Cellulases on Different Substrates.- Steam Pretreatment of Douglas-Fir Wood Chips: Can Conditions for Optimum Hemicellulose Recovery Still Provide Adequate Access for Efficient Enzymatic Hydrolysis?.- Biotreatment of Refinery Spent-Sulfidic Caustic Using an Enrichment Culture Immobilized in a Novel Support Matrix.- Lactobacillus plantarum Amylase Actingon Crude Starch Granules: Native Isoforms and Activity Changes After Limited Proteolysis.- Development of a Modified Three-Stage Methane Production Process Using Food Wastes.- Solid-State Fermentation with Aspergillus niger for Cellobiase Production.- Effects of Initial pH on Biological Synthesis of Xylitol Using Xylose-Rich Hydrolysate.- Effect of Shear on Human Insulin in Zinc Suspension.- Screening of Potential Antibiotic Action of Cellulolytic Fungi.- Mycelial Pellet Formation by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 20344.- L-DOPA Production by Immobilized Tyrosinase.- Inhibition of Microbial Xylitol Production by Acetic Acid and Its Relation with Fermentative Parameters.- Anaerobic Digestion from Residue of Industrial Cassava Industrialization with Acidogenic and Methanogenic Physical Separation Phases.- Use of Corncob for Endoxylanase Production by Thermophilic Fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus IOC-4145.- Effect of Protein Denaturation on Void Fraction in Foam Separation Column.- Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Bacteria Isolated from Oil Wastes.- Improvements in Titer, Productivity, and Yield Using Solka-Floc for Cellulase Production.- Biodegradability of New Engineered Fuels Compared to Conventional Petroleum Fuels and Alternative Fuels in Current Use.- Cloning and Expression of the Limonene Hydroxylase of Bacillus stearothermophilus BR388 and Utilization in Two-Phase Limonene Conversions.- Biosurfactants from Potato Process Effluents.- A Kinetic Study of Synthesis of Amoxicillin Using Penicillin G Ac…