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This interdisciplinary and international handbook captures and shapes much needed reflection on normative frameworks for the production, application, and use of artificial intelligence in all spheres of individual, commercial, social, and public life.
This volume tackles a quickly-evolving field of inquiry, mapping the existing discourse as part of a general attempt to place current developments in historical context; at the same time, breaking new ground in taking on novel subjects and pursuing fresh approaches.
The term "A.I." is used to refer to a broad range of phenomena, from machine learning and data mining to artificial general intelligence. The recent advent of more sophisticated AI systems, which function with partial or full autonomy and are capable of tasks which require learning and 'intelligence', presents difficult ethical questions, and has drawn concerns from many quarters about individual and societal welfare, democratic decision-making, moral agency, and the prevention of harm. This work ranges from explorations of normative constraints on specific applications of machine learning algorithms today-in everyday medical practice, for instance-to reflections on the (potential) status of AI as a form of consciousness with attendant rights and duties and, more generally still, on the conceptual terms and frameworks necessarily to understand tasks requiring intelligence, whether "human" or "A.I."
The ethics of AI is a dynamic field, and so anythingwritten on the topic is likely to be out of date by the time it is published. Thanks to the acumen of its editors, however, the Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI will remain relevant despite these shifting conceptual and methodological sands.
Autorentext
Markus Dubber leads an interdisciplinary initiative, "Ethics of AI in Context," as director of the University of Toronto's Centre for Ethics, which facilitates collaboration among a diverse group of university and non-university scholars and researchers from a wide range of backgrounds and perspectives. He also has extensive editorial experience, including as co-editor of several Oxford Handbooks and editor-in-chief of Oxford Handbooks Online (Law).
Sunit Das (University of Toronto, Medicine) has conducted research on the role of AI in medicine as a neurosurgeon at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital, a neuroscientist in the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, and faculty affiliate of the Ethics of AI Lab at the Centre for Ethics, University of Toronto.
Frank Pasquale (School of Law, University of Maryland) has published extensively on the law, policy, and ethics of artificial intelligence and cognate fields (including algorithmic accountability, machine learning, and
big data). He has served on the Council on Big Data, Ethics, and Society, the Academic Council of the AINow Institute, and the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. His 2015 book The Black Box Society developed a social theory of reputation, search, and finance, while proposing pragmatic reforms to improve the information economy.
Inhalt
Part I. Introduction and Overview
Joanna Bryson
Thomas Powers, Delaware and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia
Judith Donath
Part II. Frameworks and Modes
Karen Yeung, Andrew Howes and Ganna Pogrebna
Tom Slee
Paula Boddington
Urs Gasser
Part III. Concepts and Issues
Safiya Umoja Noble
Joshua Kroll
Nick Diakopoulos
Virginia Dignum
Helen Nissenbaum and Deirdre Mulligan
Timnit Gebru
Karen Levy and Pegah Moradi
John Basl and Joseph Bowen
Susan Schneider
Mark Kingwell
Michael Wheeler
Meg Leta Jones
Norman Spaulding
John Danaher
IV. Perspectives and Approaches
Benjamin Kuipers
Jason Millar
Ron Chrisley
Anton Korinek
Martin Wells
Avery Slater
David Gunkel
Kathleen Richardson
Shannon Mattern
Chinmayi Arun
Danit Gal
Nagla Rizk
Andrea Renda
Part V. Cases and Applications
Bryant Walker Smith
Jai Galliott
Effy Vayena and Alessandro Blasimme
Harry Surden
Chelsea Barabas
Kiel Brennan-Marquez
Petra Molnar
Elana Zeide
Ifeoma Ajunwa
Ellen Goodman