The Challenge of Anticipation

This book proposes an approach that will not only aid in the analysis of cognitive systems, but will also serve as an inspiration and guideline for the progressively more advanced and competent design of large, but modular, artificial cognitive systems.

The general idea that brains anticipate the future, that they engage in prediction, and that one means of doing this is through some sort of inner model that can be run of?ine,hasalonghistory. SomeversionoftheideawascommontoAristotle,aswell as to many medieval scholastics, to Leibniz and Hume, and in more recent times, to Kenneth Craik and Philip Johnson-Laird. One reason that this general idea recurs continually is that this is the kind of picture that introspection paints. When we are engaged in tasks it seems that we form images that are predictions, or anticipations, and that these images are isomorphic to what they represent. But as much as the general idea recurs, opposition to it also recurs. The idea has never been widely accepted, or uncontroversial among psychologists, cognitive scientists and neuroscientists. The main reason has been that science cannot be s- is?ed with metaphors and introspection. In order to gain acceptance, an idea needs to be formulated clearly enough so that it can be used to construct testable hypot- ses whose results will clearly supportor cast doubtupon the hypothesis. Next, those ideasthatare formulablein one oranothersortof symbolismor notationare capable of being modeled, and modeling is a huge part of cognitive neuroscience. If an idea cannot be clearly modeled, then there are limits to how widely it can be tested and accepted by a cognitive neuroscience community.

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext

This book proposes a unifying approach for the analysis and design of artificial cognitive systems: The Anticipatory Approach. In 11 coherent chapters, the authors of this State-of-the-Art Survey propose a foundational view of the importance of dealing with the future, of gaining some autonomy from current environmental data, and of endogenously generating sensorimotor and abstract representations. A meaningful taxonomy for anticipatory cognitive mechanisms is put forward, which distinguishes between the types of predictions and the different influences of these predictions on actual behavior and learning. Thus a new unifying perspective on cognitive systems is given.

The Anticipatory Approach described in this book will not only aid in the analysis of cognitive systems, but will also serve as an inspiration and guideline for the progressively more advanced and competent design of large, but modular, artificial cognitive systems.

Inhalt
Theory.- Introduction: Anticipation in Natural and Artificial Cognition.- The Anticipatory Approach: Definitions and Taxonomies.- Benefits of Anticipations in Cognitive Agents.- Models, Architectures, and Applications.- Anticipation in Attention.- Anticipatory, Goal-Directed Behavior.- Anticipation and Believability.- Anticipation and Emotions for Goal Directed Agents.- A Reinforcement-Learning Model of Top-Down Attention Based on a Potential-Action Map.- Anticipation by Analogy.- Anticipation in Coordination.- Endowing Artificial Systems with Anticipatory Capabilities: Success Cases.