Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences

Did you know that the Grand Bank earthquake of 1929 triggered a huge submarine mass movement which broke submarine cables over a distance of up to 1000 km from its source and generated a tsunami which devastated a small village in Newfoundland killing 27 people? The same happened in Papua New Guinea in 1998 with more than 2000 casualties. Submarine mass movements of various sizes and styles are shaping the sea floor and are of concern for many facets of human activities both onshore and offshore. These include the development of natural resources, energy and communication transport, coastal infrastructures and communities. This book provides a world-wide perspective of submarine mass movements and their consequences. This has been made possible by assembling excellent contributions from active researchers, groups, or institutions, thus providing full coverage of the many scientific and engineering aspects of this type of marine and coastal geo-hazard. It covers fundamental as well as site specific studies from many areas including the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, inner seas like the Mediterranean Sea, and fjords using the most recent technologies from multibeam sonar imaging techniques, 3D seismic analysis, slope stability analysis, to debris flow and tsunami modeling.

Audience: This book is of interest to any researcher in the field of marine and coastal geo-hazards. It will be useful for planners, scientists and engineers involved in the development of offshore and near-shore resources and also to those in charge of the management and mitigation of coastal hazards. For graduate students, this book provides an up-to-date vision of the process of submarine mass movements and their consequences from both a scientific and an engineering standpoint, and it includes a unique collection of the existing literature on marine geo-hazards.

CD-Rom included
This volume contains a CD-Rom which in addition to an electronically searchable version of the contributions, has full colour versions of figures which are printed in black and white in the book.

Inhalt
Section 1 Fundamental aspects.- FLOW LIQUEFACTION FAILURE OF SUBMARINE SLOPES DUE TO MONOTONIC LOADINGS-AN EFFECTIVE STRESS APPROACH.- FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF RETROGRESSIVE FAILURE OF SUBMARINE SLOPES.- STABILITY CONDITIONS OF ACCUMULATIVE FORMS OF SEDIMENTS ON SUBMARINE SLOPES.- SIMULATING SUBMARINE SLOPE INSTABILITY INITIATION USING CENTRIFUGE MODEL TESTING.- LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF GASSY MARINE SANDS.- CYCLIC STRENGTH OF STRATIFIED SOIL SAMPLES.- TOWARDS AN APPROACH FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS.- FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE IN DREDGED SLOPE.- NUMERICAL MODELING OF TSUNAMI GENERATION BY SUBAERIAL AND SUBMERGED LANDSLIDES.- DEVELOPING ENGINEERING DESIGN CRITERIA FOR MASS GRAVITY FLOWS IN DEEP OCEAN AND CONTINENTAL SLOPE ENVIRONMENTS.- THE DYNAMICS OF LIQUEFIED SEDIMENT FLOW UNDERGOING PROGRESSIVE SOLIDIFICATION.- EFFECT OF GAS HYDRATES DISSOCIATION ON SEAFLOOR SLOPE STABILITY.- WAVES AND RUN-UP GENERATED BY A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SLIDING MASS.- TSUNAMI SOURCE PARAMETERS OF SUBMARINE EARTHQUAKES AND SLIDES.- STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COHESIVE GRAVITY-FLOW DEPOSITS, AND A SEDIMENTOLOGICAL APPROACH ON THEIR FLOW MECHANISMS.- ROLE OF PORE-FLUID PRESSURE AND SLOPE ANGLE IN TRIGGERING SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS: NATURAL EXAMPLES AND PILOT EXPERIMENTAL MODELS.- HYDRO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF GASSY SOILS.- EVALUATING TSUNAMI HAZARDS FROM DEBRIS FLOWS.- PROBABILISTIC ANALYSES OF LANDSLIDE TSUNAMI HAZARDS.- AN INNOVATIVE DOUBLE CELL TRIAXIAL SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE VOLUME CHANGE OF GASEOUS OR UNSATURATED MARINE SOILS AND TWO OTHER ADVANCED SOIL TESTING SYSTEMS.- NUMERICAL MODELING OF SUBMARINE MASS-MOVEMENT GENERATED WAVES USING RANS MODEL.- DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS OF SUBMARINE SLOPES USING ENHANCED NEWMARKMETHOD.- Section 2 Altantic Ocean.- IMAGING THE AFEN SLIDE FROM COMMERCIAL 3D SEISMIC METHODOLOGY AND COMPARISONS WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION DATA.- THE STOREGGA SLIDE COMPLEX; REPEATED LARGE SCALE SLIDING IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATIC CYCLICITY.- DYNAMICS, VELOCITY AND RUN-OUT OF THE GIANT STOREGGA SLIDE.- ISSUES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF GRAVITY MASS FLOW HAZARD IN THE STOREGGA AREA OFF THE WESTERN NORWEGIAN COAST.- SHEAR-STRENGTH SIGNATURES OF MASS MOVEMENTS, CONTINENTAL SLOPE OF CAMPOS BASIN, BRAZIL.- PRECONDITIONS LEADING TO THE HOLOCENE TRÆNADJUPET SLIDE OFFSHORE NORWAY.- SLOPE STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE TRÆNADJUPET SLIDE AREA OFFSHORE THE MID-NORWEGIAN MARGIN.- STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE HUDSON APRON SLOPE, OFF NEW JERSEY, U.S.A..- SLOPE FAILURES IN THE FAROE SHETLAND CHANNEL.- A SYNTHESIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS ON THE EASTERN CANADIAN MARGIN.- THE CHRONOLOGY AND RECURRENCE OF SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS ON THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE OFF SOUTHEASTERN CANADA.- INTERPLAY BETWEEN SALT ACTIVITIES AND SLOPE INSTABILITIES, BRYANT CANYON AREA, NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO.- THE AFEN SLIDE A MULTISTAGED SLOPE FAILURE IN THE FAROE-SHETLAND CHANNEL.- CANARY ISLANDS LANDSLIDES AND TSUNAMI GENERATION: CAN WE USE TURBIDITE DEPOSITS TO INTERPRET LANDSLIDE PROCESSES?.- Section 3 Pacific Ocean.- SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES IN SOCIETY AND AUSTRAL ISLANDS, FRENCH POLYNESIA: EVOLUTION WITH THE AGE OF EDIFICES.- MASS MOVEMENT ALONG THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA MARGIN AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES FOR TSUNAMI GENERATION.- CHARACTERISTICS OF SEVERAL TSUNAMIGENIC SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES.- CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDE GENERATED TSUNAMIS FROM OBSERVATIONAL DATA.- SLOPE FAILURES AND PALEOSEISMICITY, EFFINGHAM INLET, SOUTHERN VANCOUVER ISLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA.- ARCHITECTURE AND FAILUREMECHANISM OF THE OFFSHORE SLUMP RESPONSIBLE FOR THE 1998 PAPUA NEW GUINEA TSUNAMI.- Section 4 Inners seas.- SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENT ON THE EBRO SLOPE.- MORPHOBATHYMETRY OF SMALL-SCALE MUD RELIEFS ON THE ADRIATIC SHELF.- CANNIBALIZATION OF A CONTINENTAL MARGIN BY REGIONAL SCALE MASS WASTING: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CENTRAL TYRRHENIAN SEA.- EVOLUTIONARY GRAVITY FLOW DEPOSITS IN THE MIDDLE TURONIAN EARLY CONIACIAN SOUTHERN PROVENCE BASIN (SE FRANCE): ORIGINS AND DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES.- LESSONS FROM SEA-FLOOR AND SUBSEA-FLOOR IMAGERY OF THE BIG'95 DEBRIS FLOW SCAR AND DEPOSIT.- PRODELTA SLOPE STABILITY AND ASSOCIATED COASTAL HAZARDS IN TECTONIC ALLY ACTIVE MARGINS: GULF OF CORINTH (NE MEDITERRANEAN).- VERY HIGH RESOLUTION 3D SEISMIC IMAGING OF A COMPLEX SHELF STRUCTURE IN THE ADRIATIC SEA.- DETAILED ANATOMY OF LATE-HOLOCENE DEPOSITS ON THE ADRIATIC SHELF FROM 3D VERY HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMIC DATA (TRIAD SURVEY).- SMALL SCALE PRESENT DAY TURBIDITY CURRENTS IN A TECTONICALLY ACTIVE SUBMARINE GRABEN, THE GULF OF CORINTH (GREECE): THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN DISPERSING MINE TAILINGS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO BASIN FILLING.- SUBMARINE SLIDES DURING RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE: TWO EXAMPLES FROM THE EASTERN TYRRHENIAN MARGIN.- THE BIG'95 DEBRIS FLOW AND ADJACENT UNFAILED SEDIMENTS IN THE NW MEDITERRANEAN SEA: GEOTECHNICAL SEDIMENTOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, AND DATING.- Section 5 Fjords.- THE ROLE OF FREE GAS IN THE ACTIVATION OF SUBMARINE SLIDES IN FTNNEIDFJORD.- THE POINTE-DU-FORT MASS MOVEMENT DEPOSITS, UPPER SAGUENAY FJORD, CANADA: A MULTIPHASE BUILD-UP.- SUBMARINE MASS MOVEMENTS IN THE UPPER SAGUENAY FJORD, (QUÉBEC, CANADA), TRIGGERED BY THE 1663 EARTHQUAKE.- CHARACTERISATION OF A SUBMARINE FLOW-SLIDE AT POINTE-DU-FORT, SAGUENAY FJORD, QUEBEC, CANADA.- THE 1996 FINNEIDFJORD SLIDE;SEAFLOOR FAILURE AND SLIDE DYNAMICS.- Authors Index.