Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Response to Eustatic, Tectonic and Climatic Forcing

Sequence stratigraphy has advanced considerably since the early applications of the concepts on seismic data. It attempts to discern the migration of facies re sulting from changes in a combination of factors such as, sea level, tectonics, climate and sediment flux, and integrates it with a meaningful chronostratigraphy. The stratigraphic record is envisioned as a framework of repetitive packages of genetically-related strata, formed in response to the shifting base level, in which the locus of deposition of various sediment types may be anticipated. This attribute is rapidly promoting sequence stratigraphy as an indispensable tool for prediction of facies in exploration and production geology. In hydrocarbon exploration the application of sequence stratigraphy has ranged from anticipating reservoir- and source-rock distribution to predicting carbonate diagenesis, porosity and permeability. The capability to anticipate vertical and lateral distribution of facies and reservoir sands in the basinal, shoreface, incised valley-fill and regressive settings alone has been a great asset for exploration. In frontier areas, where data are often limited to seismic lines, sequence-stratigraphic methodology has helped determine the timing and of types of unconformities and anticipate transgressive- and regressive-prone intervals. In production it is aiding in field development by providing improved source and seal predictions for secondary oil recovery. A recognition of stratigraphic causes of poor recovery through improved understanding of internal stratal architecture can lead to new well recompletions and enhanced exploitation in existing fields. The sequence-stratigraphic discipline is in a state of rapid expansion.

Klappentext

The new paradigm of sequence stratigraphy attempts to discern the migration of facies resulting from changes in eustatic, tectonic and sedimentary regimes in order to anticipate the locus and type of sediment deposition. It is rapidly becoming an indispensable tool for the prediction of facies in exploration and production geology and for discerning internal stratal architecture through high-resolution studies of oil fields for enhanced hydrocarbon exploitation. br/ The discipline is in a state of rapid expansion. New case studies of its application are vital to an appreciation of the full potential of the methodology. The variety of studies published here collectively exemplify the response of the depositional systems to various governing factors that create or destroy accommodation space, modify sediment flux, and/or alter coastal and offshore productivity in a number of depositional environments and temporal scales. The volume contains articles that emphasize sequence biostratigraphy, sequence ecostratigraphy, the peculiarities of reefal and non-reefal carbonate platforms, computer simulation of basin sediment fill, global rates of coal deposition in terms of eustatic changes and the behavior of mixed siliclastic-carbonate systems. The papers also cover documentation of sequences in intervals ranging from the Paleozoic to Miocene. One article identifies a previously ignored, but potentially significant, mechanism of eustatic change during non-glacial periods and the possible anthropogenic component of sea-level rise during the twentieth century. Finally, a more speculative article presents the case for an extraterrestrial connection as a source for third-order eustatic cycles. The case studies go a long way to further document the variations on the basic themes of sequence stratigraphy and enhance its value as a predictive tool in exploration and production geology.

Zusammenfassung
In hydrocarbon exploration the application of sequence stratigraphy has ranged from anticipating reservoir- and source-rock distribution to predicting carbonate diagenesis, porosity and permeability.

Inhalt
1 Depositional Sequences, Facies Control and the Distribution of Fossils.- 2 Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy Utilizing Strontium Isotopes: Deciphering the Miocene Sea-Level History of the Florida Platform.- 3 Using Ecostratigraphic Trends in Sequence Stratigraphy.- 4 Sea-Level Changes, Carbonate Production and Platform Architecture: The Llucmajor Platform, Mallorca, Spain.- 5 Geometric Responses in Neogene Sediments of Offshore New Zealand: Simulated as Products of Changes in Depositional Base Level Driven by Eustasy and/or Tectonics.- 6 Controls on Long-Term Global Rates of Coal Deposition, and the Link between Eustasy and Global Geochemistry.- 7 Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea-Level Changes in the Early to Middle Triassic of the Alps: A Global Comparison.- 8 Reconstructing Eustatic and Epeirogenic Trends from Paleozoic Continental Flooding Records.- 9 Depositional Sequences on Upper Cambrian Carbonate Platforms: Variable Sedimentologic Responses to Allogenic Forcing.- 10 Sequence-Stratigraphy of Early-Middle Cambrian Grand Cycles in the Carrara Formation, Southwest Basin and Range, California and Nevada.- 11 Milankovitch Fluctuations in Sea Level and Recent Trends in Sea-Level Change: Ice may not always be the answer.- 12 The Enigma of Third-Order Sea Level Cycles: A Cosmic Connection?.- List of Contributors.