Prediabetes

Can the art of predictive medicine anticipate the development of diabetes? And if so, what can be done about it? How early is early enough to intervene effectively? With what therapeutic modality? Why? Big babies are not an infrequent occurrence in mothers with normal carbohydrate metabolism for another 10, 20, or even 30 years. The abnor mality present during pregnancy is now accepted as what is inherited with the diabetic predisposition, or what can be recognized as the diabetic susceptibility. It occurs before hyperglycemia, during the phase of dy namic resistance to diabetes, during the prediabetic period. Prediabetes means before diabetes, and was applied for the first time by Mara~on in Spain, to signify the stage before hyperglycemia. Foglia in Argentina used the term in 1944 for his pancreatectomized rats. We pub lished the first paper on humans in 1951 (Camerini-Davalos, R.A., Landabure, P., and Serantes, N., Rev Med Cordoba 39: 187).

Zusammenfassung

From Book News, Inc.
The term prediabetes has been defined as the condition of those persons who are predisposed to hyperglycemia, but in whom no abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism is demonstrable. The contributors to these proceedings address the issues involved in determining how early in life the disease trend is manifest. They discuss prediabetes in animals, immunological markers, pathology of prediabetes, population studies, prediabetes treatment, and diabetes prevention.
Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

Inhalt
Prediabetes in Animals.- History: The discovery of prediabetes in animals.- Hereditary diabetes in the KK mouse: An overview.- Development of microvascular and islet cell alterations in rats with spontaneous non insulin-dependent diabetes.- Development of diabetes in the non-obese NIDDM rat (GK rat).- Spontaneous diabetes in Macaca Nigra: Relevance to human beings with NIDDMM.- Immunological Markers.- Insulin autoantibodies in prediabetes.- Sites of the defects leading to autoimmunity in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat.- Assay for cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies using two-color immunofluorescence and rat pancreas.- Cytoplasmic islet cell autoantibodies: Prevalence and pathognomic significance.- A new marker of T lymphocite activation in type I diabetes.- Prediction of Diabetes.- Studies of prediabetes in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat.- Chemically-initiated hyperglycemia: Streptozotocin-specific T Lymphocyte reactions.- Diabetic lymphocytes tranafer and beta cell functions.- Lymphocyte subsets in prediabetes.- The in vivo visualization of insulitis: a new marker of prediabetes.- Genetic relationships between type I and type 2 diabetes mellitus.- Pathology of Prediabetes.- Kidney disease in KK mice: structural, biochemical and functional relationships.- Sequence of changes in KK mouse nephropathy.- Abnormal response to glucose in the prehyperglycemic stage.- Low insulin response: a marker of prediabetes.- Study of glucose removal rate and first phase insulin secretion in the offspring of two parents with non-insulin dependent diabetes.- Antecedent events for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.- Hemostasis and endothelial disorders in prediabetes.- Mtcrochannels in prediabetes.- Population Studies.- Islet-cell and insulin autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of type I diabetics: A 5-year follow-up in a swiss population.- Childhood insulin-dependent diabetes in Japan.- Children at risk of diabetes mellitus: New York studies of families with diabetes and of children with congenital rubella syndrome.- Family studies of insulin-dependent diabetics: the U.K. experience.- Can the high risk of type I diabetes in Finland be explained by familial aggregation and by HLA haplotype distribution?.- Genetic and humoral markers in IDDM patients and their families.- Development of diabetes in identical twins.- Type-specific concordance in young diabetic monozygotic twins.- The pathological lesions of the pancreas and prediabetes.- Treatment of Prediabetes.- Diabetogenicity of various protein sources in the diet of the diabetes-prone BB rat.- Effect of alpha-Glucosidase-inhibitors on blood glucose and insulin levels.- Kidney disease in KK mice: Effect of glyburide.- Kidney disease in KK mice: Effect of Glipizide.- Effect of Gliclazide on non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.- Plasma activity of the enzyme N-Acetyl-Beta-Glucosaminidase in healthy and diabetic subjects. Effect of treatment with a sulfonylurea drug.- Continuous insulin treatment in the Chinese hamster. A review.- Kidney disease in KK mice. Effect of Insulin.- Some characteristics of chemically-induced beta-cell lesions as possible contributing factors in diabetes.- Effects of immunosuppresion with Cyclosporine on beta cell function and clinical remission in very early overt Type I diabetes.- Immunomodulation of prediabetes in BB rats for prevention of the disease.- Prevention of diabetes-related retinal microangiopathy with aldose reductase inhibitors.- Prevention of Diabetes.- Regulatory T cell control of autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the BB rat.- Prevention of diabetes in the BB rat by injection of major histocompatibility complex- (MHC-) compatible bone marrow cells.- The incidence of diabetes in BB rats is decreased following acute LCMV infection.- Strategies for primary prevention of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.