Control of the Thyroid Gland

This volume presents the proceedings of a symposium on the "Control of the thyroid gland~ regulation of its normal function and growth," held at the National Insti tutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland on March 20 and 21, 1989. Our motivation for the organization of this symposium was the fast development in re cent years of our understan ding of the regulation of the thyroid - and the progress in the field of cell regulation in general - which have led to profound modifications of our view of the control of the thyroid. Not so many years aga the thyroid was thought to be controlled by one regulator, the pituitary TSH, which with cyclic AMP in the role of second messen ger was considered to express or regulate most or all processes in the gland. In the last several years it has been weIl documented that hormones other than TSH and various growth factors are involved in thyroid growth con trol and it has been increasingly clear that several hor mones and neurogenic agents are obligate participants in the regulation of thyroid function. In addition, not only new agonists acting on the thyroid have been revealed, but new transducer and second messenger systems have been discovered. In particular the interest has been - and is focused on the signals emanating from the hydrolysis of the inositol phospholipids, comprising the inositol tris phosphate/Ca2~ pathway and the diacylglycerol/protein kinase C pathway.

Klappentext

This volume presents the proceedings of a symposium on the "Control of the thyroid gland~ regulation of its normal function and growth," held at the National Insti­ tutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland on March 20 and 21, 1989. Our motivation for the organization of this symposium was the fast development in re cent years of our understan­ ding of the regulation of the thyroid - and the progress in the field of cell regulation in general - which have led to profound modifications of our view of the control of the thyroid. Not so many years aga the thyroid was thought to be controlled by one regulator, the pituitary TSH, which with cyclic AMP in the role of second messen­ ger was considered to express or regulate most or all processes in the gland. In the last several years it has been weIl documented that hormones other than TSH and various growth factors are involved in thyroid growth con­ trol and it has been increasingly clear that several hor­ mones and neurogenic agents are obligate participants in the regulation of thyroid function. In addition, not only new agonists acting on the thyroid have been revealed, but new transducer and second messenger systems have been discovered. In particular the interest has been - and is­ focused on the signals emanating from the hydrolysis of the inositol phospholipids, comprising the inositol tris­ phosphate/Ca2~ pathway and the diacylglycerol/protein kinase C pathway.

Inhalt
The Thyroid as a Model Endocrine System.- The Pituitary-Thyroid Axis.- What Controls Thyroid Growth That Is, Thyroid Size.- The Pituitary-Thyroid Regulatory System.- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: Structure and Function.- Thyroid Regulators: Neurogenic Agents, Hormones, Iodide.- Characterization of Receptors for Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells.- Regulatory Peptides in the Thyroid Gland.- Receptors of the Thyroid: The Thyrotropin Receptor Is Only the First Violinist of a Symphony Orchestra.- Excess Iodide Inhibits the Thyroid by Multiple Mechanisms.- Signals and Transduction.- G Protein-Linked Receptors in the Thyroid.- ADP Ribosylation and G Protein Regulation in the Thyroid.- The Inositide and Arachidonic Acid Signal System.- The Arachidonic Acid Signal System in the Thyroid: Regulation by Thyrotropin and Insulin/IGF-I.- Regulation of Growth and Function.- Integrated Regulation of Growth and Function.- Regulation of Growth and Differentiation in Follicle Cells.- Transducing Systems in the Control of Human Thyroid Cell Function, Proliferation, and Differentiation.- Thyroid Specific Gene Expression.