2.1 E-Government: e-Governance and e-Democracy The term Electronic Government (e-Government), as an expression, was coined after the example of Electronic Commerce. In spite of being a relatively recent expression, e-Government designates a field of activity that has been with us for several decades and which has attained a high level of penetration in many countries2. What has been observed over the recent years is a shift on the broadness of the e-Government concept. The ideas inside e-Governance and e- Democracy are to some extent promising big changes in public administration. The demand now is not only simply delivering a service - line. It is to deliver complex and new services, which are all citizen-centric. Another important demand is related to the improvement of citizen's participation in governmental processes and decisions so that the governments' transparency and legitimacy are enforced. In order to fulfill these new demands, a lot of research has been done over the recent years (see Section 3) but many challenges are still to be faced, not only in the technological field, but also in the political and social aspects.

Provides the most relevant and highly up-to-date summary of problems and suitable solutions in areas of applications supporting commerce, business and government activities Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

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Inhalt
Innovative Business Models.- Value Process and Business Process in E-Business Modelling.- VA3: Governance Selection in Value Webs.- From an E-Business Revenue Model to Its Software Reference Architecture.- e-Collaboration and e-Services.- Selecting Supply Partners for E-Collaboration in Supply Chains.- E-Collaboration Architecture for Customer-Driven Business Processes in Inter-Organizational Scenarios.- Monitoring Middleware for Service Level Agreements in Heterogeneous Environments.- G2G, G2B, and G2C Models.- Using Software Agents to Personalize Access to E-Offices.- Evaluating E-Government.- A Knowledge-Sharing Framework for Public Administrations.- One-Stop Government Service Integration.- Configuring E-Government Services Using Ontologies.- A Business Rule Engine Applied to Egovernment Services Integration.- Towards Dynamic Composition of E-Government Services.- e-Government - Trust and Security.- Employing Ontologies for the Development of Security Critical Applications.- Development and Evaluation of a System for Checking for Improper Sending of Personal Information in Encrypted E-Mail.- Hypr&A - A Security Model for the Support Processes in Egovernment.- e-Health and e-Democracy.- Policy-Rich Multi-Agent Support for E-Health Applications.- Pursuing Electronic Health.- E-Petitioning: Enabling Ground-Up Participation.- Architecture of Multi Channel Multi Database Voting System.- Public e-Services for Citizens and Enterprises.- Practitioner Buy-in and Resistance to E-Enabled Information Sharing Across Agencies.- Legalurn: A Framework for Organizing and Surfing Legal Documents on the Web.- A Web Service Approach to Geographical Data Distribution Among Public Administrations.- Digital Goods and Products.- Second generation micropayment systems: lessons learned.-Value Analysis of Retail Electronic Payments Market.- Personalized Discount - A Fuzzy Logic Approach.- B2B, B2C, and C2C Models.- Dynamic Model Harmonization Between Unknown eBusiness Systems.- Active Advertisement in Supermarkets Using Personal Agents.- A Smart HTTP Communicator: SMACH.- e-Marketplaces, e-Hubs, and Portals.- Mobile Portal Implementation Strategy: A Theoretical Exploration.- Cross-Organizational Workflows: A Classification of Design Decisions.- Biovault: Solving the Problem of Replay in Biometrics.- Computing for e-Commerce.- Integration of XML Data in Peer-to-Peer E-Commerce Applications.- Using ebXML for Supply Chain Traceability.- An XML-Based Data Model for Vulnerability Assessment Reports.- User Behavior Modeling.- Admission Control for the Customers over the Vendor's VPN.- Role of the Customer Value in the Software as a Service Concept.- Robalo: A Risk-Oriented Job Dispatching Mechanism for Workforce Management System.- Pervasive Technologies for e-Commerce.- Discovery and Query: Two Semantic Processes for Web Services.- Dyng: A Multi-Protocol Collaborative System.- Development Concept for and Trial Application of a Mulutiplex Risk Communicator.