Masses of Fundamental Particles

The 1996 Carg~se Summer Institute on Frontiers in Particle Physics was organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. Levy), the Ecole Nonnale SupCrieure, Paris (J. lliopoulos), the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (R. Gastmans), and the Universite Catholique de Louvain (J.-M. Gerard), which, since 1975, have joined their efforts and worked in common. It was the twelfth Sunnner Institute on High Energy Physics organized jointly at Carg~se by three of these universities. The Standard Model for fundamental interactions is constructed on two essential ingredients: the gauge symmetry and the mass generation mechanism. Now that the gauge theory aspect has been finnly established, the new challenge for the young researchers in elementary particle physics is the understanding of the origin of the masses. The standard Higgs mechanism is believed to be responsible for generating the masses of ALL fundamental particles. Professor D. Treille discussed the prospects for Higgs boson search and described the experimental determinations of the gauge boson masses. The influence of the top quark mass on electroweak processes has been emphasized by Professor J.L. Rosner, while Professor M. Neubert introduced the heavy-quark effective theory which allows you to get rid of heavy-quark masses. The theoretical determinations of the light quark masses have been critically analyzed by Professor H. Leutwyler. Professor A. Pich presented the various experimental tests on lepton universality and Professor R.L. MBssbauer reviewed our present knowledge on the neutrino masses.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Cargese, France, August 5-17, 1996

Inhalt
Boson Masses in the Standard Model.- Noncommutative Geometry and the Internal Space of Gauge Theories.- Top Quark Mass.- Unified Theories of Flavour with U(2) as Horizontal Group.- Heavy-Quark Masses.- Light-Quark Masses.- Weak Matrix Elements of the Lattice: Recent Development in K-Physics.- Lepton Universality.- Neutrino Mass.- Gallex Neutrino Observations and Its Implications on Solar Neutrino Spectroscopy.- Double Beta Decay ResearchPresent and Future.- Neutrino Mass Models with an Abelian Family Symmetry.- Dark Matter.- Aspects of Dark Matter Direct Detection.- Masses beyond the Standard Model.- Electroweak Baryogenesis and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.- BPS States in Superstrings with Spontaneously Broken SUSY.- Gaugino Condensation, Loop Corrections, and S-Duality Constraint.- Some New Salient Features of Deep-Inelastic Scattering of HERA.- Determination of the Gluon Structure Function Using Tagged Charm Events in Deep-Inelastic EP Collisions.- The Structure of the Proton Phenomenology.- Experimental Physics at LHC pp Collider.