The ethics of AI is a dynamic field, and so anythingwritten on the topic is likely to be out of date by the time it is published. Thanks to the acumen of its editors, however, the Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI will remain relevant despite these shifting conceptual and methodological sands.

Autorentext
Markus Dubber leads an interdisciplinary initiative, "Ethics of AI in Context," as director of the University of Toronto's Centre for Ethics, which facilitates collaboration among a diverse group of university and non-university scholars and researchers from a wide range of backgrounds and perspectives. He also has extensive editorial experience, including as co-editor of several Oxford Handbooks and editor-in-chief of Oxford Handbooks Online (Law). Frank Pasquale (School of Law, University of Maryland) has published extensively on the law, policy, and ethics of artificial intelligence and cognate fields (including algorithmic accountability, machine learning, and big data). He has served on the Council on Big Data, Ethics, and Society, the Academic Council of the AINow Institute, and the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. His 2015 book The Black Box Society developed a social theory of reputation, search, and finance, while proposing pragmatic reforms to improve the information economy. Sunit Das (University of Toronto, Medicine) has conducted research on the role of AI in medicine as a neurosurgeon at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital, a neuroscientist in the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, and faculty affiliate of the Ethics of AI Lab at the Centre for Ethics, University of Toronto.

Klappentext

This Handbook provides an international, interdisciplinary, analysis and review of the way that artificial intelligence is introduced, defined, applied, and exploited, and governed in all spheres of individual, commercial, social, and public life.

Zusammenfassung
This volume tackles a quickly-evolving field of inquiry, mapping the existing discourse as part of placing current developments in historical context; at the same time, breaking new ground in taking on novel subjects and pursuing fresh approaches. The term "A.I." is used to refer to a broad range of phenomena, from machine learning and data mining to artificial general intelligence. The recent advent of more sophisticated AI systems, which function with partial or full autonomy and are capable of tasks which require learning and 'intelligence', presents difficult ethical questions, and has drawn concerns from many quarters about individual and societal welfare, democratic decision-making, moral agency, and the prevention of harm. This work ranges from explorations of normative constraints on specific applications of machine learning algorithms today-in everyday medical practice, for instance-to reflections on the (potential) status of AI as a form of consciousness with attendant rights and duties and, more generally still, on the conceptual terms and frameworks necessarily to understand tasks requiring intelligence, whether "human" or "A.I."

Inhalt

Part I. Introduction and Overview
1. The Artificial Intelligence of Ethics of AI: An Introductory Overview
Joanna Bryson
1. The Ethics of Ethics of AI: Mapping the Field
Thomas Powers, Delaware and Jean-Gabriel Ganascia
1. Ethics of AI in Context: Society and Culture
Judith Donath
Part II. Frameworks and Modes
1. Why Industry Self-regulation Will Not Deliver 'Ethical AI': A Call for Legally Mandated Techniques of 'Human Rights by Design'
Karen Yeung, Andrew Howes and Ganna Pogrebna
1. Private Sector AI: Ethics and Incentives
Tom Slee
1. Normative Modes: Codes and Standards
Paula Boddington
1. Normative Modes: Professional Ethics
Urs Gasser
Part III. Concepts and Issues
1. Fairness and the Concept of 'Bias'
Safiya Umoja Noble
1. Accountability in Computer Systems
Joshua Kroll
1. Transparency
Nick Diakopoulos
1. Responsibility
Virginia Dignum
1. The Concept of Handoff as a Model for Ethical Analysis and Design
Helen Nissenbaum and Deirdre Mulligan
1. Race and Gender
Timnit Gebru
1. The Future of Work in the Age of AI: Displacement, Augmentation, or Control?
Karen Levy and Pegah Moradi
1. The Rights of Artificial Intelligences
John Basl and Joseph Bowen
1. The Singularity: Sobering up About Merging with AI
Susan Schneider
1. Do Sentient AIs Have Rights? If So, What Kind?
Mark Kingwell
1. Autonomy
Michael Wheeler
1. Troubleshooting AI and Consent
Meg Leta Jones
1. Is Human Judgment Necessary?
Norman Spaulding
1. Sexuality
John Danaher
IV. Perspectives and Approaches
1. Computer Science
Benjamin Kuipers
1. Engineering
Jason Millar
1. Designing Robots Ethically Without Designing Ethical Robots: A Perspective from Cognitive Science
Ron Chrisley
1. Economics
Anton Korinek
1. Statistics
Martin Wells
1. Automating Origination: Perspectives from the Humanities
Avery Slater
1. Philosophy
David Gunkel
1. The Complexity of Otherness: Anthropological contributions to robots and AI
Kathleen Richardson
1. Calculative Composition: The Ethics of Automating Design
Shannon Mattern
1. Global South
Chinmayi Arun
1. East Asia
Danit Gal
1. Artificial Intelligence and Inequality in the Middle East: The Political Economy of Inclusion
Nagla Rizk
1. Europe's struggle to set global AI standards
Andrea Renda
Part V. Cases and Applications
1. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Transportation
Bryant Walker Smith
1. Military
Jai Galliott
1. The Ethics of AI in Biomedical Research, Medicine and Public Health
Effy Vayena and Alessandro Blasimme
1. Law: Basic Questions
Harry Surden
1. Law: Criminal Law
Chelsea Barabas
1. Law: Public Law and Policy: Notice, Predictability, and Due Process
Kiel Brennan-Marquez
1. Law: Immigration and Refugee Law
Petra Molnar
1. Education
Elana Zeide
1. Algorithms and the Social Organization of Work
Ifeoma Ajunwa
1. Smart City Ethics Goodman