Liposomes

One of two volumes dedicated to the latest experimental methods involving lipids, this one focuses on liposome-based nanoscale drug delivery techniques. Chapters include lists of needed materials, reagents, step-by-step protocols and troubleshooting tips.

Efforts to describe and model the molecular structure of biological membranes go back to the beginning of the last century. In 1917, Langmuir described membranes as a layer of lipids one molecule thick [1]. Eight years later, Gorter and Grendel concluded from their studies that the phospholipid molecules that formed the cell membrane were arranged in two layers to form a lipid bilayer [2]. Danielli and Robertson proposed, in 1935, a model in which the bilayer of lipids is sequestered between two monolayers of unfolded proteins [3], and the currently still accepted fuid mosaic model was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972 [4]. Among those landmarks of biomembrane history, a serendipitous observation made by Alex Bangham during the early 1960s deserves undoubtedly a special place. His fnding that exposure of dry phospholipids to an excess of water gives rise to lamellar structures [5] has opened versatile experimental access to studying the biophysics and biochemistry of biological phospholipid membranes. Although during the following 4 decades biological membrane models have grown in complexity and functionality [6], liposomes are, besides supported bilayers, membrane nanodiscs, and hybrid membranes, still an indisputably important tool for membrane b- physicists and biochemists. In vol. II of this book, the reader will fnd detailed methods for the use of liposomes in studying a variety of biochemical and biophysical membrane phenomena concomitant with chapters describing a great palette of state-of-the-art analytical technologies.

Volume 1 specifically: Covers all aspects of encapsulating hydrophilic and hydrophobic low-molecular weight molecules into liposomes Analyzes comprehensively the current trends in liposome research Provides an easily accessible and comprehensive reference volume for the applications of liposomes in Pharmaceutical Research and Development With two volumes totaling 72 chapters, presents the first ever published comprehensive reference for the application of liposomes as pharmaceutical nanoscale drug delivery systems and as models for biological membranes Provides in a very comprehensive way detailed guidance for the utilization of liposomes in Pharmacy, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology Offers a truly interdisciplinary approach to make the versatile features of liposomes accessible to a very wide range of investigators in Academia and Industry Acts as a comprehensive guide to preparing, purifying, and physico-chemically characterizing all currently known types of liposomes Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext

With nearly one hundred years of intensive study, lipids have proven to be a vital and ever-more-promising area of cell biological research. In Liposomes: Methods and Protocols, leading experts in the related fields explore cutting-edge experimental methods involving all aspects of lipids as essential components of the cell membrane. Volume 1: Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers focuses on the state-of-the-art aspects of developing liposome-based nanoscale drug delivery techniques, delving into the depths of the emerging field of pharmaceutical and biomedical nanotechnology. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, the chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and authoritative, Liposomes: Methods and Protocols promises to be an essential source of practical know-how for every investigator, young and seasoned alike, whose research area involves in one way or another phospholipids, glycolipids, or cholesterol.

Inhalt
Current Trends in Liposome Research.- Nanoliposomes: Preparation and Analysis.- Preparation of DRV Liposomes.- Elastic Liposomes for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery.- Archaebacterial Tetraetherlipid Liposomes.- Cationic Magnetoliposomes.- Ultrasound-Responsive Liposomes.- Liposome Formulations of Hydrophobic Drugs.- Remote Loading of Anthracyclines into Liposomes.- Arsonoliposomes: Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization.- Liposome-Based Vaccines.- Mannosylated Liposomes for Targeted Vaccines Delivery.- Liposomes for Specific Depletion of Macrophages from Organs and Tissues.- Vesicular Phospholipid Gels.- Environment-Responsive Multifunctional Liposomes.- Functional Liposomal Membranes for Triggered Release.- A Dock and Lock Approach to Preparation of Targeted Liposomes.- Conjugation of Ligands to the Surface of Preformed Liposomes by Click Chemistry.- Targeted Magnetic Liposomes Loaded with Doxorubicin.- Liposomes for Drug Delivery to Mitochondria.- Cytoskeletal-Antigen Specific Immunoliposomes: Preservation of Myocardial Viability.- Gadolinium-Loaded Polychelating Polymer-Containing Tumor-Targeted Liposomes.- Angiogenic Vessel-Targeting DDS by Liposomalized Oligopeptides.- TAT-Peptide Modified Liposomes: Preparation, Characterization, and Cellular Interaction.- ATP-Loaded Liposomes for Targeted Treatment in Models of Myocardial Ischemia.- Intracellular ATP Delivery Using Highly Fusogenic Liposomes.- Lipoplex Formation Using Liposomes Prepared by Ethanol Injection.- Acid-Labile Liposome/pDNA Complexes.- Serum-Resistant Lipoplexes in the Presence of Asialofetuin.- Anionic pH Sensitive Lipoplexes.- Liposomal siRNA Delivery.- Complexation of siRNA and pDNA with Cationic Liposomes: The Important Aspects in Lipoplex Preparation.- Effective In Vitro andIn Vivo Gene Delivery by the Combination of Liposomal Bubbles (Bubble Liposomes) and Ultrasound Exposure.- Liposomal Magnetofection.- Long-Circulating, pH-Sensitive Liposomes.- Serum-Stable, Long-Circulating, pH-Sensitive PEGylated Liposomes.