Late Pleistocene and Holocene Environmental Change on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington

This study brings together decades of research on the modern natural environment of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, reviews past research on paleoenvironmental change since the Late Pleistocene, and finally presents paleoecological records of changing forest composition and fire over the last 14,000 years. The focus of this study is on the authors' studies of five pollen records from the Olympic Peninsula. Maps and other data graphics are used extensively. Paleoecology can effectively address some of these challenges we face in understanding the biotic response to climate change and other agents of change in ecosystems. First, species responses to climate change are mediated by changing disturbance regimes. Second, biotic hotspots today suggest a long-term maintenance of diversity in an area, and researchers approach the maintenance of diversity from a wide range and angles (CITE). Mountain regions may maintain biodiversity through significant climate change in 'refugia': locations where components of diversity retreat to and expand from during periods of unfavorable climate (Keppel et al., 2012). Paleoecological studies can describe the context for which biodiversity persisted through time climate refugia. Third, the paleoecological approach is especially suited for long-lived organisms. For example, a tree species that may typically reach reproductive sizes only after 50 years and remain fertile for 300 years, will experience only 30 to 200 generations since colonizing a location after Holocene warming about 11,000 years ago. Thus, by summarizing community change through multiple generations and natural disturbance events, paleoecological studies can examine the resilience of ecosystems to disturbances in the past, showing how many ecosystems recover quickly while others may not (Willis et al., 2010).

Offers reviews of past studies of the Olympic Peninsula as well as new data and analysis from the authors Updated presentation and analysis of studies from the 1950s through 1980s offers a historical baseline and exposes readers to previously inaccessible data The records presented show how climate change of the late Pleistocene and Holocene periods affected the biodiversity of the Olympic Peninsula This data sheds light on the potential impacts of projected climate change Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Klappentext

Utilizing a paleoecological approach, this volume brings together decades of research on the modern natural environment of Washington State's Olympic Peninsula. This review of past research on paleoenvironmental change since the Late Pleistocene presents paleoecological records of changing forest composition and fire over the last 14,000 years. This volume, and its conclusions, draws extensively from Dr. Daniel Gavin and Dr. Linda Brubaker's study of five Olympic Peninsula pollen records.

The Olympic Peninsula is an ideal setting for studying the responses of ecosystems to past climate change. Located just south of the maximum ice-sheet extent during the Last Glacial Maximum, there is abundant evidence that it functioned as a glacial refugium; 29 taxa endemic to the peninsula likely persisted in such refugia. Furthermore, its uniquely steep rainfall gradient produces a wide range of habitats over short distances. A literature review, synthesis of published data, and close examination of the authors' investigations of post-glacial climate and vegetation change, this book features detailed color maps and data graphics.

Inhalt

1. The modern landscape of the Olympic Peninsula.- 2. Geology and historical biogeography of the Olympic Peninsula.- 3. Postglacial climate on the Olympic Peninsula.- 4. Late Quaternary vegetation and fire history of the Olympic Peninsula.- 5. Brief review of the archeological record in a context of environmental change.- 6. Insights and future research needs.