Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures

Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures provides a highly timely presentation of the state-of-the-art, future directions and technical requirements of morphing aircraft. Divided into three sections it addresses morphing aircraft, bio-inspiration, and smart structures with specific focus on the flight control, aerodynamics, bio-mechanics, materials, and structures of these vehicles as well as power requirements and the use of advanced piezo materials and smart actuators. The tutorial approach adopted by the contributors, including underlying concepts and mathematical formulations, unifies the methodologies and tools required to provide practicing engineers and applied researchers with the insight to synthesize morphing air vehicles and morphing structures, as well as offering direction for future research.

Informationen zum Autor John Valasek, Texas A&M University, USA John Valasek is Associate Professor and Director of the Vehicle Systems & Control Laboratory within the Aerospace Engineering Department at Texas A&M University. He has been actively conducting flight mechanics and controls research of Manned and Unmanned Air Vehicles in both Industry and Academia for 25 years. He was previously a Flight Control Engineer for the Northrop Corporation, Aircraft Division. He has published over 100 peer reviewed articles, and is co-inventor on a patent for autonomous air refueling of unmanned air vehicles. His research is currently focused on bridging the gap between traditional computer science topics and aerospace engineering topics, encompassing machine learning and multi-agent systems, intelligent autonomous control, vision based navigation systems, fault tolerant adaptive control, and cockpit systems and displays.?He teaches courses in Atmospheric Flight Mechanics, Digital Flight Control Systems, Vehicle Management Systems, Cockpit Systems & Displays, and Aircraft Design. Klappentext Morphing Aerospace Vehicles and Structures provides a highly timely presentation of the state-of-the-art, future directions and technical requirements of morphing aircraft. Divided into three sections it addresses morphing aircraft, bio-inspiration, and smart structures with specific focus on the flight control, aerodynamics, bio-mechanics, materials, and structures of these vehicles as well as power requirements and the use of advanced piezo materials and smart actuators. The tutorial approach adopted by the contributors, including underlying concepts and mathematical formulations, unifies the methodologies and tools required to provide practicing engineers and applied researchers with the insight to synthesize morphing air vehicles and morphing structures, as well as offering direction for future research. Zusammenfassung Groundbreaking first book on the highly topical subject of morphing aerospace vehicles and structures Addresses morphing aircraft, bio-inspiration, and smart structures in three sections, with specific focus on the flight control, aerodynamics, bio-mechanics, materials, and structures of these vehicles. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Contributors xiiiForeword xvSeries Preface xviiAcknowledgments xix1 Introduction 1John Valasek1.1 Introduction 11.2 The Early Years: Bio-Inspiration 21.3 The Middle Years: Variable Geometry 51.4 The Later Years: A Return to Bio-Inspiration 91.5 Conclusion 10References 10Part I BIO-INSPIRATION2 Wing Morphing in Insects, Birds and Bats: Mechanism and Function 13Graham K. Taylor, Anna C. Carruthers, Tatjana Y. Hubel, and Simon M. Walker2.1 Introduction 132.2 Insects 142.2.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 152.2.2 Gross Wing Morphing 182.3 Birds 252.3.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 252.3.2 Gross Wing Morphing 282.3.3 Local Feather Deflections 302.4 Bats 322.4.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 332.4.2 Gross Wing Morphing 352.5 Conclusion 37Acknowledgements 37References 383 Bio-Inspiration of Morphing for Micro Air Vehicles 41Gregg Abate and Wei Shyy3.1 Micro Air Vehicles 413.2 MAV Design Concepts 433.3 Technical Challenges for MAVs 463.4 Flight Characteristics of MAVs and NAVs 473.5 Bio-Inspired Morphing Concepts for MAVs 483.5.1 Wing Planform 503.5.2 Airfoil Shape 503.5.3 Tail Modulation 503.5.4 CG Shifting 503.5.5 Flapping Modulation 513.6 Outlook for Morphing at the MAV/NAV scale 513.7 Future Challenges 513.8 Conclusion 53References 53Part II CONTROL AND DYNAMICS4 Morphing Unmanned Air Vehicle Intelligent Shape and Flight Control 57John Valasek, Kenton Kirkpatrick, and Amanda Lampton4.1 Introduction 574.2 A-RLC Architecture Functionality 584.3 Learning Air Vehicle Shape Changes 594.3.1 Overview of Reinforcement Learning 594.3.2 Implementation of Shape Change Lea...

Autorentext

John Valasek, Texas A&M University, USA
John Valasek is Associate Professor and Director of the Vehicle Systems & Control Laboratory within the Aerospace Engineering Department at Texas A&M University. He has been actively conducting flight mechanics and controls research of Manned and Unmanned Air Vehicles in both Industry and Academia for 25 years. He was previously a Flight Control Engineer for the Northrop Corporation, Aircraft Division. He has published over 100 peer reviewed articles, and is co-inventor on a patent for autonomous air refueling of unmanned air vehicles. His research is currently focused on bridging the gap between traditional computer science topics and aerospace engineering topics, encompassing machine learning and multi-agent systems, intelligent autonomous control, vision based navigation systems, fault tolerant adaptive control, and cockpit systems and displays.?He teaches courses in Atmospheric Flight Mechanics, Digital Flight Control Systems, Vehicle Management Systems, Cockpit Systems & Displays, and Aircraft Design.

Zusammenfassung
Groundbreaking first book on the highly topical subject of morphing aerospace vehicles and structures Addresses morphing aircraft, bio-inspiration, and smart structures in three sections, with specific focus on the flight control, aerodynamics, bio-mechanics, materials, and structures of these vehicles.

Inhalt

List of Contributors xiii Foreword xv Series Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction 1 John Valasek 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Early Years: Bio-Inspiration 2 1.3 The Middle Years: Variable Geometry 5 1.4 The Later Years: A Return to Bio-Inspiration 9 1.5 Conclusion 10 References 10 Part I BIO-INSPIRATION 2 Wing Morphing in Insects, Birds and Bats: Mechanism and Function 13 Graham K. Taylor, Anna C. Carruthers, Tatjana Y. Hubel, and Simon M. Walker 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Insects 14 2.2.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 15 2.2.2 Gross Wing Morphing 18 2.3 Birds 25 2.3.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 25 2.3.2 Gross Wing Morphing 28 2.3.3 Local Feather Deflections 30 2.4 Bats 32 2.4.1 Wing Structure and Mechanism 33 2.4.2 Gross Wing Morphing 35 2.5 Conclusion 37 Acknowledgements 37 References 38 3 Bio-Inspiration of Morphing for Micro Air Vehicles 41 Gregg Abate and Wei Shyy 3.1 Micro Air Vehicles 41 3.2 MAV Design Concepts 43 3.3 Technical Challenges for MAVs 46 3.4 Flight Characteristics of MAVs and NAVs 47 3.5 Bio-Inspired Morphing Concepts for MAVs 48 3.5.1 Wing Planform 50 3.5.2 Airfoil Shape 50 3.5.3 Tail Modulation 50 3.5.4 CG Shifting 50 3.5.5 Flapping Modulation 51 3.6 Outlook for Morphing at the MAV/NAV scale 51 3.7 Future Challenges 51 3.8 Conclusion 53 References 53 Part II CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 4 Morphing Unmanned Air Vehicle Intelligent Shape and Flight Control 57 John Valasek, Kenton Kirkpatrick, and Amanda Lampton 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 A-RLC Architecture Functionality 58 4.3 Learning Air Vehicle Shape Changes 59 4.3.1 Overview of Reinforcement Learning 59 4.3.2 Implementation of Shape Change Learning Agent 62 4.4 Mathematical Modeling of Morphing Air Vehicle 63 4.4.1 Aerodynamic Modeling 63 4.4.2 Constitutive Equations 64 4.4.3 Model Grid 67 4.4.4 Dynamical Modeling 68 4.4.5 Reference Trajectory 71 4.4.6 Shape Memory Alloy Act…