Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès Dans La Chimie Des Substances Organiques Naturelles

Inhalt
Carotinoid-epoxyde und furanoide Oxyde von Carotinoidfarb-Stoffen.- I. Vorkommen, Konstitution und Partialsynthesen der Carotinoid-epoxyde.- II. Die furanoid gebauten Carotinoid-epoxyde.- III. Die Molekularstruktur der Carotinoid-epoxyde.- IV. Biologische Bedeutung der Carotinoid-epoxyde.- Some Biochemical Aspects of Marine Carotenoids.- Marine muds.- Marine animals in general.- Protista.- Sponges.- Coelenterates.- Worms.- Echinoderms.- Mollusks.- Crustaceans.- Tunicates.- Fishes.- Mammals.- Conclusions.- References.- Azulenes.- Isolation and purification.- Physical properties.- Chemical properties.- Structure determination.- Nomenclature.- Structure of naturally occuring precursors of azulenes.- Synthesis of Azulenes.- Absorption spectra.- Some biochemical aspects.- Further possible types of azulenes.- Pharmacological properties of azulenes.- References.- Recent Advances in the Study of Component Acids and Component Glycerides of Natural Fats.- Introduction: Discussion of the Rule of even distribution.- Spectrophotometric determination of certain unsaturated higher fatty acids.- Resolution of mixed fatty acids by crystallisation from solvents at low temperatures.- Partial resolution of mixed glycerides in natural fats by crystallisation from solvents at low temperatures.- The present state of knowledge of the glyceride structure of natural fats.- 1. Fats with three (or at most four) major component acids.- 2. Computation of component glycerides from the proportions of the component fatty acids in a fat.- 3. Fats with four or more component acids in similar proportions.- 4. Animal body fats rich in stearic acid and animal milk fats containing notable proportions of butyric and/or other lower saturated acids.- 5. Synthesis and transformation by chemical means ofmixed glycerides in the laboratory.- References.- Enzymatically Synthesized Polysaccharides and Disaccharides.- Formation of starch and glycogen through the phosphorolytic condensation.- Conditions affecting polysaccharide formation.- Synthetic polysaccharides.- Arsenolysis and phosphorolysis of amylose and amylopectine.- Phosphorylase.- The mechanism of dextran and levan formation.- Mechanism of sucrose formation.- Specificity of sucrose phosphorylase.- D-glucosido-D-xyloketoside, D-glucosido-L-araboketoside and D-glucosido-L-sorboside.- ?-D-glucosido-L-arabinose.- Formation of sucrose and other disaccharides through exchange of glycosidic linkages.- References.- Recent Developments in the Structural Problem of Cellulose.- I. The linear structure of cellulose.- Critical review of the proofs supporting the linear structure of cellulose.- Molecular weight determination of cellulose.- Oxycellulose.- Hydrocellulose.- Conclusions regarding the linear structure of cellulose.- Theory of ester linkages.- Theory of blocked hydroxyl groups.- Theory of looping bonds.- Theory of acid-sensitive bonds and the principle of periodicity.- Theory of acetal linkages in equi-distant open-chain units and the laminated chain structure of cellulose.- References.- Lignin.- I. Occurrence, formation and detection.- II. Isolation of lignin.- III. Properties and conversions of lignin.- IV. The structure of lignin.- References.- The Chemistry of the Constituents of Toad Venoms.- I. The bufagins.- II. Bufotoxins.- III. Basic constituents of toad venoms.- IV. Sterols.- V. Suberic acid.- References.- Biochemistry of Fish Proteins.- Composition of fish muscle protein.- Amino acid content of fish muscle protein.- Nutritive value of fish protein.- Fish blood proteins.- Fish collagens.- Fish proteinswith enzymatic activity.- Proteins isolated from fish sperm.- Pharmacological effects of some histones and protamins.- Proteins isolated from female reproductive organs of fish.- References.- Some Recent Developments in Chemical Genetics.- Classical genetics.- Chemical genetics.- Phenylalanine metabolism.- Antigen specificity.- Hemophilia.- Gene-directed specific reactions in other organisms.- Neurospora.- Nature and action of genes.- Gene mutation.- Universality of genes.- Cytoplasmic factors.- Genes and evolution.- Conclusions.- References.- Infrared Spectroscopy in Structure Determination and its Application to Penicillin.- I. Experimental methods.- II. Interpretation of infrared spectra.- III. General features of infrared spectra of organic compounds.- IV. Applications to structure determinations.- Penicillin.- V. Conclusion.- References.- Namenverzeichnis. Index of Names. Index des Auteurs.- Sachverzeichnis. Index of Subjects. Index des Matières.