The second edition of Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society brings together in one comprehensive text contributions from leading scientific experts to assess the influence insects have on humankind and the earth's fragile ecosystems. Revised and updated, this new edition includes information on the number of substantial changes to entomology and the study of biodiversity. It includes current research on insect groups, classification, regional diversity, and a wide range of concepts and developing methodologies. The authors examine why insect biodiversity matters and how the rapid evolution of insects is affecting us all.

This book explores the wide variety of insect species and their evolutionary relationships. Case studies offer assessments on how insect biodiversity can help meet the needs of a rapidly expanding human population, and also examine the consequences that an increased loss of insect species will have on the world. This important text:

Explores the rapidly increasing influence on systematics of genomics and next-generation sequencing
Includes developments in the use of DNA barcoding in insect systematics and in the broader study of insect biodiversity, including the detection of cryptic species
Discusses the advances in information science that influence the increased capability to gather, manipulate, and analyze biodiversity information
Comprises scholarly contributions from leading scientists in the field

Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society highlights the rapid growth of insect biodiversity research and includes an expanded treatment of the topic that addresses the major insect groups, the zoogeographic regions of biodiversity, and the scope of systematics approaches for handling biodiversity data.

Autorentext

ROBERT G. FOOTTIT is a research scientist specializing in the taxonomy of aphids and related groups, with the Canadian National Collection of Insects and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. His research interests include the use of morphological and molecular approaches in the study of aphid species and populations. PETER H. ADLER is a professor of entomology at Clemson University, where he holds a teaching and research appointment, specializing in the behavior, ecology, genetics, and systematics of insects, particularly butterflies and medically important flies.

Inhalt

1 Introduction 1 2 The Importance of Insects 9 Part I Insect Biodiversity: Regional Examples 45 3 Insect Biodiversity in the Nearctic Region 47 4 Amazonian Rainforests and Their Richness and Abundance of Terrestrial Arthropods on the Edge of Extinction: Abiotic-Biotic Players in the Critical Zone 65 5 Insect Biodiversity in the Afrotropical Region 93 6 Biodiversity of Australasian Insects 111 7 Insect Biodiversity in the Palearctic Region 141 Part II Insect Biodiversity: Taxon Examples 203 8 Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects 205 9 Biodiversity of Diptera 229 10 Biodiversity of Heteroptera 279 11 Biodiversity of Coleoptera 337 12 Biodiversity of Hymenoptera 419 13 Diversity and Significance of Lepidoptera: A Phylogenetic Perspective 463 Part III Insect Biodiversity: Tools and Approaches 497 14 The Science of Insect Taxonomy: Prospects and Needs 499 15 Insect Species - Concepts and Practice 527 16 Molecular Dimensions of Insect Taxonomy in the Genomics Era 547 17 DNA Barcodes and Insect Biodiversity 575 18 Insect Biodiversity Informatics 593 19 Parasitoid Biodiversity and Insect Pest Management 603 20 The Taxonomy of Crop Pests: The Aphids 627 21 Adventive (Non-Native) Insects and the Consequences for Science and Society of Species that Become Invasive 641 22 Biodiversity of Blood-sucking Flies: Implications for Humanity 713 23 Reconciling Ethical and Scientific Issues for Insect Conservation 747 24 Taxonomy and Management of Insect Biodiversity 767 25 Insect Biodiversity - Millions and Millions 783 List of Contributors xix Foreword, Second Edition xxiii Preface, First Edition xxvii Preface, Second Edition xxix Acknowledgements xxxi 1 Introduction 1 Peter H. Adler and Robert G. Foottit References 5 2 The Importance of Insects 9 Geoffrey G. E. Scudder 2.1 Diversity 9 2.2 Ecological Role 10 2.3 Effects on Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Human Health 13 2.4 Insects and Advances in Science 14 2.5 Insects and the Public 23 References 25 Part I Insect Biodiversity: Regional Examples 45 3 Insect Biodiversity in the Nearctic Region 47 Hugh V. Danks and Andrew B. T. Smith 3.1 Influence of Insect Biodiversity on Society in the Nearctic Region 49 3.2 Insect Conservation 50 3.3 Species Diversity and the State of Knowledge 53 3.4 Variations in Biodiversity 56 3.5 Conclusions and Needs 58 Acknowledgments 60 References 60 4 Amazonian Rainforests and Their Richness and Abundance of Terrestrial Arthropods on the Edge of Extinction: Abiotic-Biotic Players in the Critical Zone 65 Terry L. Erwin, Laura S. Zamorano and Christy J. Geraci 4.1 The Climatic Setting and Critical Zone Establishment 69 4.2 Characterization of Typical Lowland Rainforest Composition in the Western Basin 71 4.3 Sampling Arthropod Biodiversity in Amazonian Forests 73 4.4 Richness of Various Lineages and Guilds 79 4.5 General Patterns 79 4.6 Morphospecies Richness to Biodiversity 80 4.7 Beetles: Life Attributes Have Led to Contemporary Hyperdiversity 83 4.8 Summary and Guide to Future Research, or "Taking a Small Step into the Biodiversity Vortex" 85 Acknowledgments 86 References 86 5 Insect Biodiversity in the Afrotropical Region 93 Clarke H. Scholtz and Mervyn W. Mansell 5.1 What Do We Know about Afrotropical Insects? 95 5.2 An Information-Management Program 95 5.3 The Role of Insects in Ecosystem Processes and as Indicators of Environmental Quality - Dung Beetles as a Case Study 98 5.4 Africa-Wide Pests and Training Appropriate Taxonomists - Fruit Flies as a Case Study 100 5.5 Sentinel Groups 103 5.6 Conclusions 105 References 107 6 Biodiversity of Australasian Insects 111 Peter S. Cranston 6.1 Australasia - The Locale 111 6.2 Some Highlights of Australasian Insect Biodiversity 112 6.3 Drowning by Numbers? How Many Insect Species are in Australasia? 116 6.4 Australasian Insect Biodiversity - Overview and Special Elements 118 6.5 Threatening Processes to Australasian Insect Biodiversity 123 6.6 Australasian Biodiversity Conservation 127 6.7 Conclusion 129 References 129 7 Insect Biodiversity in the Palearctic Region 141 Boris A. Korotyaev, Alexander S. Konstantinov and Mark G. Volkovitsh 7.1 Preface: Societal Importance of Biodiversity in the Palearctic Region 141 7.2 Introduction 144 7.3 Geographic Position, Climate, and Zonality 144 7.4 General Features of Palearctic Insect Biodiversity 148 7.5 Biodiversity of Some Insect Groups in the Palearctic 153 7.6 Biodiversity of Insect Herbivores 158 7.7 Boundaries and Insect Biodiversity 162 7.8 Local Biodiversity 164 7.9 Insect Biodiversity and Habitats 166 7.10 Insect Biodiversity and the Mountains 169 7.11 Temporal Changes in Insect Biodiversity 171 7.12 Insect Diversity in Major Biogeographical Divisions of the Palearctic 172 Acknowledgments 187 References 189 Part II Insect Biodiversity: Taxon Examples 203 8 Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects 205 John C. Morse 8.1 Overview of Taxa 206 8.2 Species Numbers 212 8.3 Societal Benefits and Risks 214 8.4 Biodiversity Concerns for Aquatic Insects 218 References 220 9 Biodiversity of Diptera 229 Gregory W. Courtney, Thomas Pape, Jeffrey H. Skevington and Bradley J. Sinclair 9.1 Overview of Taxa 239 9.2 Societal Importance 246 9.3 Diptera of Forensic, Medicolegal, and Medical Importance 253 9.4 Diptera as Model Organisms and Research Tools 253 9.5 Diptera in Conservation 254 9.6 Diptera as Part of Our Cultural Legacy 256 References 257 10 Biodiversity of Heteroptera 279 Thomas J. Henry 10.1 Overview of the Heteroptera 280 10.2 The Importance of H…