Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease together account for the largest portion of health care spending compared to all other diseases in Western society. This work seeks to provide an understanding of the causes of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. As this understanding becomes more widely appreciated, it will serve as a foundation for evidence-based care and wider acceptance of sound science. The International Conference on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, held in Winnipeg, in June 1999, was organized to bring together a multi-disciplinary group of researchers dedicated to further knowledge amongst researchers, care givers, and the managers of the health system. The invited speakers submitted their works for publication, which serves as the basis for this book. Major themes include: epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, metabolic risk factors in diabetes and cardiovascular disease, hypertension in diabetes mellitus, cardiac function in diabetes, glycemic control and improved cardiovascular function, diabetes management, and endothelial function in diabetes.

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Epidemiology and Genetic Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus.- 1. Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: A New Epidemic.- 2. Undiagnosed Diabetes: Burden and Significance in the Canadian Population.- 3. Genes, Environment and Diabetes in Canadian Aboriginal Communities.- 4. Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa.- 5. Coronary Heart Disease and Risk Factors in Asian Indians.- Metabolic Risk Factors in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.- 6. The Plasma Glucose LevelA Continuous Risk Factor for Vascular Disease in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic People.- 7. Modified Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk.- 8. Advances in Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Atherosclerosis.- 9. Homocysteine as a Risk Factor in Cardiovascular Disease.- 10. Endothelial Integrity and Repair.- 11. Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in the Diabetic Heart.- 12. A Study of Vascular Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model of Type I Diabetes.- 13. Endothelins in the Microvasculature and Heart in Diabetes.- 14. Diabetes and Endothelial Function: Implications for Coronary Angioplasty.- Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus.- 15. The Effect of Hypertension in Diabetes.- 16. The Diabetic Hypertensive (or Hypertensive Diabetic)A Compelling Need to Optimize Blood Pressure.- 17. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Diabetic or Hypertensive Subjects: Role of Collagen Alterations.- 18. Alterations in the Vascular Actions of Insulin in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance and Hypertension.- 19. Cardiac Hypertrophy in Diabetes Patients with and without Hypertension: Effects of Troglitazone, a Novel Antidiabetic Drug, on Diastolic Function.- 20. Cost and Benefits of Blood Pressure Monitoring and Control.- Cardiac Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes.- 21. Malonyl COA Control of Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Diabetic Rat Heart.- 22.Alterations in 1,2-Diacylglycerol and Ceramides in Diabetic Rat Heart.- 23. Regulation of Myocardial Phospholipid N-Methylation by Insulin and Diabetes.- 24. Reduction of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate Mass in Heart Sarcolemma during Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.- 25. Tumor Necrosis Factor-?, Sphingomyelinase and Ceramides Activate Tyrosine Kinase, p21Ras and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase: Implications for Glucose Transport and Insulin Resistance.- Cardiac Function and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes.- 26. Antioxidants, Free Radical Stress and Diabetes.- 27. Oxidative Stress and Functional Deficit in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.- 28. Ketosis and the Generation of Oxygen Radicals in Diabetes Mellitus.- 29. Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Hemodynamic and Cardiometabolic Correlates in Experimental Myocardial Infarction.- 30. Cardiac Function in Perfused Hearts from Diabetic Mice.- 31. Mg2+-Dependent Atpase Activity in Cardiac Myofibrils from the Insulin-Resistant Jcr:La-Cp Rat.- 32. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Families in Intracellular Signaling and Diabetes.- 33. Alterations in G-Protein-Linked Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Vascular Smooth Muscle in Diabetes.- Glycemic Control and Improved Cardiovascular Function.- 34. Mechanism of HDL Lowering in Insulin Resistant States.- 35. Insulin Treatment Post Myocardial Infarction: The Digami Study.- 36. Response to Ischemia and Endogenous Myocardial Protection in the Diabetic Heart.- 37. Type 2 Diabetes: Pharmacological Intervention in an Animal Model.- 38. The Diabetic Heart and Cardiac Glycosides.- 39. Hyperglycemia-Induced Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes.- 40. Regulation of Myocardial and Skeletal MuscleNA,K-ATPase in Diabetes Mellitus in Humans and Animals.- Diabetes Management A Multidisciplinary Approach.- 41. Food Strategies for Diabetes and Heart Health.- 42. The Atherosclerosis Reversal Clinic: The Way of the Future.- 43. Lipid Clinics/Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Clinics: Current State and Future Consideration.- 44. Amputation Prevention and Rehabilitation in Diabetes.- 45. Laboratory Testing in Diabetes Mellitus.- Health Promotion in Preventing Diabetes and Its Complications.- 46. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.- 47. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Canadians with Diabetes Mellitus.- 48. G7 Project Promoting Heart Health.- 49. Canadian Heart Health Initiative: Research Review.- Health Policy and National Strategies in Diabetes.- 50. Putting Policy into Action.- 51. National and International Strategies to Prevent Obesity and Diabetes.- 52. The Diabetes Council of Canada (DCC): Coordinating National Diabetes Strategies.- 53. The Federal Government and Diabetes: An Incremental Process.