Crystallography in Molecular Biology

"Crystallography in Molecular Biology", a NATO Advanced Study Institute, was held on September 12-21, 1985, at the Bi schenberg near Strasbourg, France. The meeting, co-sponsored by EMBO and CNRS (Centre National de 1 a Recherche Scientifique), was attended by partici pants from 18 countries. The aim of the course was to gi ve an overvi ew of crystallography related to molecular biology with special emphasis on recent results and new methodo 1 ogi ca 1 approaches. Thi s fi e 1 d of research is expandi ng enormously, partly due to its primordial contribution to biotechnology. Protei n engi neeri ng, s i te-di rected mutagenesi s, drug and vacci n desi gn are some of the direct beneficiaries of crystallographic investigations. The need for large quantities of structural informations and the necessity to tackle more and more complex problems are a strong incenti ve to develop new methods in order to overcome the varfous bottlenecks of a structure determi nati on. Impressi ve progresses have been made in the field of data collection, phase determination and refinement tech ni cs. Despite some recent achi evements crystal growth is the 1 ast se ri ous handi cap of the method. The course was a good opportunity for oarticipants to be up-to-date with many facets of single crystal crys tallography.

Klappentext

"Crystallography in Molecular Biology", a NATO Advanced Study Institute, was held on September 12-21, 1985, at the Bi schenberg near Strasbourg, France. The meeting, co-sponsored by EMBO and CNRS (Centre National de 1 a Recherche Scientifique), was attended by partici pants from 18 countries. The aim of the course was to gi ve an overvi ew of crystallography related to molecular biology with special emphasis on recent results and new methodo 1 ogi ca 1 approaches. Thi s fi e 1 d of research is expandi ng enormously, partly due to its primordial contribution to biotechnology. Protei n engi neeri ng, s i te-di rected mutagenesi s, drug and vacci n desi gn are some of the direct beneficiaries of crystallographic investigations. The need for large quantities of structural informations and the necessity to tackle more and more complex problems are a strong incenti­ ve to develop new methods in order to overcome the varfous bottlenecks of a structure determi nati on. Impressi ve progresses have been made in the field of data collection, phase determination and refinement tech­ ni cs. Despite some recent achi evements crystal growth is the 1 ast se­ ri ous handi cap of the method. The course was a good opportunity for oarticipants to be up-to-date with many facets of single crystal crys­ tallography.

Inhalt
1 Crystallization and Data Collection.- Crystallization of integral membrane proteins.- Crystallization of protein and nucleic acids: A survey of methods and importance of the purity of the macromolecules.- Synchrotron radiation and macromolecular crystallography.- Data collection.- 2 Phase Problem.- Density modification methods.- Anomalous scattering in macromolecular structure analysis.- Single molecule electron crystallography.- Structure analysis of bacteriorhodopsin by electron crystallography.- Neutron diffraction: contribution to high and low resolution crystallography.- 3 Graphics and Structure Analysis.- Electron density fitting with computer graphics: A review and a glimpse.- Computer grapnics in the study of macromolecular interactions.- Prediction of protein structure from amino acid sequence.- 4 Water and Dynamics.- X-ray analysis of polypeptide hormones at ? 1Å resolution: Anisotropic thermal motion and secondary structure of pancreatic polypeptide and deamino-oxytocin.- Water at biomolecule interfaces.- Tho water structure in 27n insulin crystals.- The structure of water around a macrocyclic receptor: A Monte Carlo study of the hydration of 18-crown-6 in different conformations.- Simulating protein dynamics in Solution : Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.- 5 Drug Design Site Directed Mutagenesis.- Rational design of DNA minor groove-binding anti-tumor drugs.- Protein crystallography and drug design.- Enzyme mechanism : What X-ray crystallography can(not) tell us.- The role of separate domains and of individual ami no-acids in enzyme catalysis, studied by site-directed mutagenesis.- Selected and directed mutants of T4 phage lysozyme.- 6 Viruses.- The structure of a human common cold virus (rhinovirus 14) and its functional relations to otherpicornaviruses.- The structure of poliovirus at 2.9 Å Resolution: Crystallographic methods and biological implications.- The structure of cowpea mosaic virus at 3.5 Å Resolution.- Adenovirus architecture.- 7 Protein Nucleic Acids.- A bacteriophage repressor/operator complex at 7 Å Resolution.- Refined structure of DNase I at 2 Å resolution and model for the interaction with DNA.- Ribonuclease A and T1 Comparable mechanisms of RNA cleavage with different active site geometries.- Structural studies of ECO RV endonuclease and of its complexes with short DNA fragments.- Errors in DNA helices: G.T. mismatches in the A, B and Z forms of DNA.- 8 Proteins.- Relation between functional loop regions and intron positions in ?/ß domains.- The three-dimensional structure of antibodies.- The 3-dimensional structures of influenza virus neurominidase and an antieurominidase Fab Fragment.- Periplasmic binding proteins : Structures and new understanding of protein-ligand interactions.- Crystal structure of thaumatin I, a sweet taste receptor binding protein.- Structures of pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylase and mutant-3 phrohistidine decarboxylase from lactobacillus 30A.- State of X-ray structure determination of ascorbate oxidase from green zucchini squash.- X-ray structure of the light-harvesting biliprotein C- phycocyanin from M. laminus.- The crystal structure of the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis.- Structure and function of some electron-transfer proteins and complexes Monoheme C-type and multiheme C3- cytochromes.- Author Index.