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The Fall of Saigon in 1975 marked the beginning of a rapid period of growth for the Vietnamese diaspora. Over the subsequent decades, Vietnamese refugees spread across five continents, influencing and being influenced by the countries in which they arrived. Chau Giang Bui examines Vietnamese immigration to the United States and Germany, two major industrialized nations. Herein, she undertakes three main objectives: to provide an account of the formation, development and important characteristics of the Vietnamese community in the United States and Germany; to study and analyze their socioeconomic and -cultural adaptation process since 1975; and to compare and contrast the Vietnamese community in both countries. Through original survey research and analysis of various literature sources, Chau Giang Bui provides new insights into the Vietnamese-American and Vietnamese-German experiences.
Inhalt
List of figures List of tables List of images Chapter 1: Introduction 1. General background of the thesis 2. Current research situation 3. Methodology 4. Goals and structure of the thesis Chapter 2: Vietnamese immigration to the United States and Germany Section 1: Vietnamese immigration to the United States 1. Historical background 2. Different Vietnamese immigration waves 2.1. The first large wave and subsequent small waves from 1975 to 1977 2.1.1. The first large wave of refugees in 1975 2.1.2. Smaller waves of refugees in 1976 and 1977 2.2. The second large wave from 1978 to the mid-1980s 2.3. Subsequent waves of Vietnamese refugees 2.3.1. The third large wave: the Orderly Departure Program 2.3.2. The Comprehensive Plan of Action 2.4. The present state of Vietnamese immigration to the United States 3. Arriving in America: from refugees to immigrants 3.1. 'Refugees/ and 'immigrants/: what are the distinctions? 3.2. Characteristics of Vietnamese refugees 3.3. From life in refugee camps to resettlement 3.3.1. Life in the camps: preparation for resettlement 3.3.2. Sponsorship and resettlement Section 2: Vietnamese immigration to Germany 1. The students 2. The boat people 2.1. Historical background 2.2. Sponsorship and resettlement 3. The contract workers 3.1. Historical background 3.2. The situation of the contract workers before the Wende 3.2.1. The living conditions of the contract workers in the GDR 3.2.2. Working in the GDR 3.2.3. Vietnamese contract workers as part of GDR daily life 3.3. Experiences of the contract workers during the Wende 3.4. The situation of the contract workers after the Wende 3.4.1. Residency status of the contract workers 3.4.2. How the contract workers survived in Germany 3.4.3. The Bleiberecht - a turning point 3.4.4. A general remark on Vietnamese contract workers/ lives after German reunification 4. The present state of Vietnamese immigration to Germany Section 3: Differences in the historical development of Vietnamese immigration to the United States and Germany Chapter 3: Changing lives and identities of the Vietnamese community in the United States Section 1: Language acquisition: the first step toward integration into American society Section 2: Changing lives of the Vietnamese in America 1. Financial challenges, solutions and achievements 1.1. Occupational downward mobility and the change of gender roles 1.2. Financial support from the Vietnamese community and patchworking 1.3. Reactions of the Americans and their attitudes toward the Vietnamese 1.4. Economic achievements of the Vietnamese community 1.5. Behavioral shifts in relations between men and women 2. Traditional value of education and academic success: the way to reach upward mobility 2.1. Educational achievements despite initial challenges 2.2. The reasons for academic success Section 3: Changing identities and the acculturation of the Vietnamese in America 1. Acculturation: concept and strategies 2. Different generations, diverse forms of acculturation 2.1. Cultural clash and acculturative challenges 2.2. Challenges and generational conflicts faced by families 2.3. Being 'Americanized/: the negative way of becoming an American? 2.4. Acculturation, maladaptation and delinquency 2.4.1. Tendency toward assimilation among Vietnamese youth 2.4.2. Maladaptation and delinquency 2.5. Other social aspects during the acculturation process 2.5.1. Circle of friends of Vietnamese adolescents 2.5.2. Endogamy or intermarriage? 2.5.3. Cultural maintenance in the community 2.6. Troubles in the adjustment of older Vietnamese in the United States 3. Vietnamese Amerasians and their difficult periods of adjustment 4. Ethnic identity among the Vietnamese in the United States 4.1. Identity: definition and stages of development 4.2. Ethnic identity among the Vietnamese in the US Section 4: A small survey carried out in 2013 1. Interest in the Vietnamese language and culture 2. Interest in the American language and culture 3. Opinion on intermarriage 4. Future plans and identity 5. General evaluation Section 5: Representations of Vietnamese immigration to the United States in literature 1. About the authors: Andrew Lam and Tran Dieu Hang 2. Vietnamese immigration experience in Tran Dieu Hang/s short stories 2.1. "Invisible Woman" 2.2. "Darkness, Strange Land" 2.3. Summary of analysis 3. Vietnamese immigration experience in Andrew Lam/s essays 3.1. Experiences of the younger generation during the Vietnamese diaspora 3.1.1. Challenges to overcome at school 3.1.2. Familial conflicts 3.1.3. Self-esteem and emotional expression among Vietnamese-Americans 3.1.4. Feelings of being an exile 3.2. Experiences of the older generation during the Vietnamese diaspora 3.3. Summary of analysis 4. Conclusion Chapter 4: The Vietnamese community in Germany Section 1: Vietnamese of the first generation 1. Immigration to Germany 1.1. The former students 1.2. The boat people 1.3. The contract workers 1.4. Immigrants from Eastern Europe 1.5. Family reunion 1.6. Other immigrants 2. Interest in the Vietnamese language and culture 2.1. Language: the key to the preservation of immigrants/ culture 2.2. Tastes and interests among first-generation Vietnamese immigrants 2.3. Contact among Vietnamese immigrants and community/s activities 2.4. University: still a must? 3. Interest in the German language and culture 3.1. Language: the key to integration 3.2. Tastes and interests among first-generation Vietnamese immigrants 3.3. Interest in German cultural activities 3.4. Contact with Germans 3.5. Cultural clashes and how Vietnamese immigrants feel perceived by German people 3.6. Opinion on intermarriage 4. Future plans and identity 5. General evaluation Section 2: Vietnamese of the second generation 1. Interest in the Vietnamese language and culture 2. Interest in the German language and culture 3. Opinion on intermarriage 4. Future plans and identity 5. General evaluation Chapter 5: Vietnamese Community in the United States and Germany: a comparison 1. Language acquisition 2. Changing lives and identities of Vietnamese in America and Germany Chapter 6: Conclusion 1. General evaluation 2. Future prospects Bibliography Appendix