Advances in the Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist

William P. Cooney III, R. A. Berger, and K. N. An Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN 55905, U. S. A. As surgeons struggle to find new insights into the complex diseases and deformities that involve the wrist and hand, new insights are being provided by applied anatomy, physiology and biomechanics to these important areas. Indeed, a fresh new interaction of disciplines has immersed in which anatomists, bioengineers and surgeons examine together basic functions and principles that can provide a strong foundation for future growth. Clinical interest in the hand and wrist are now at a peak on an international level. Economic implications of disability affecting the hand and wrist are recognized that have international scope crossing oceans, cultures, languages and political philosophies. As with any struggle, a common ground for understanding is essential. NATO conferences such as this symposium on Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist provides such a basis upon which to build discernment of fundamental postulates. As a start, basic research directed at studies of anatomy, pathology and pathophysiology and mechanical modeling is essential. To take these important steps further forward, funding from government and industry are needed to consider fundamental principles within the material sciences, biomechanical disciplines, applied anatomy and physiology and concepts of engineering modeling that have been applied to other areas of the musculoskeletal system.

Klappentext

Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Brussels, Belgium, May 21-23, 1992.

Zusammenfassung
Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Brussels, Belgium, May 21-23, 1992.

Inhalt
The NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Advances in the Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist, Genval (Belgium), May 1992.- I. Material Properties.- The Anatomic, Constraint and Material Properties of the Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament: A Preliminary Study.- Effect of Repetitive Loading on the Wrist of Young Rabbits.- Cementless Total Trapezio-Metacarpal Prosthesis Principle of Anchorage.- Passive Force-Length Properties of Cadaveric Human Forearm Musculature.- The Mechanical Properties of Finger Flexor Tendons and Development of Stronger Tendon Suturing Techniques.- Biomechanics of Flexor Pulley Reconstruction.- Deep Ligaments of the Interphalangeal Joint of the Thumb.- Anatomy of the Palmar Plates: Comparative Morphology and Motion Characteristics.- II. Force Analysis.- On a Model of the Upper Extremity.- A Model of the Human Hand Dynamics.- Biomechanical Analysis of the Wrist Joint in Ergonomical Aspects.- Contact Pressures within Wrist Joints.- Joint Contact Pressures within the Normal Wrist: Experimental Versus Analytical Studies.- Stress Analysis of the Radiocarpal Joint from a Determination of the Subchondral Mineralisation Pattern.- Force Transmission Through the Proximal Carpal Row.- Quantitative Functional Anatomy of Finger Muscles: Application to Controlled Grasp.- Anatomic Forms of Male and Female Carpometacarpal Joints.- Finger Mathematical Modeling and Rehabilitation.- Force Analysis of the Thumb.- Stress Analysis of PIP Joints using the Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method.- III. Motion Analysis.- Normal and Abnormal Carpal Kinematics.- Functional Anatomy of the Carpus in Flexion and Extension and in Radial and Ulnar Deviations: An In Vivo Two- and Three-Dimensional CT Study.- Role of the Wrist Ligaments with Respect to Carpal Kinematics and Carpal Mechanism.- Kinematic Geometry of the Wrist: Preliminary Report.- A Computergraphics Model of the Wrist Joint: Design and Application.- The Study of the Biomechanics of Wrist Movements in an Oblique Plane A Preliminary Report.- The Envelope of Active Wrist Circumduction: An In Vivo Electrogoniometric Study.- Wrist Range of Motion in Activities of Daily Living.- Changes in the TFCC Articular Disk during Forearm Rotation: A Study of Configuration and Surface Strains.- The Role of the Scapho-Trapezial-Trapezoidal Ligament Complex on Scaphoid Kinematics.- Three-Dimensional In-Vivo Kinematic Analysis of Finger Movement.- Three-Dimensional Four Variables Plot for the Study of the Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joint Kinematics.- Biomechanical Examination of Postoperative Flexor Tendon Adhesions in Rabbit Digits.- IV. Clinical Applications.- Aspects of the Biomechanics of Fracture Fixation.- Dislocation and Instability of the Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint.- Kinematic Dysfunction of the Distal Radioulnar Joint after Distal Radial Fractures.- Distal Radius Fractures: Evaluation of Instability and Therapeutic Approach.- Geometric Analysis of Opening-Closing Wedge Corrective Osteotomy of the Distal Radius after Malunited Fracture.- Scaphoid and Periscaphoid Injuries: Mathematical Pattern.- In Vivo Load-Displacement Behavior of the Carpal Scaphoid Ligament Complex: Initial Measurements, Time-Dependence, and Repeatability.- The Use of Cine-Computed Tomography to Investigate Carpal Kinematics.- Surgical Treatment with External Fixator for Posttraumatic Carpal Instability.- X-Ray Stereophotogrammetric Examinations of Flexor Tendon Excursion in the Tendon Sheath Area after Tendon Repair.- Evamain: Computerised System for the Evaluation of the Hand.- Contributors.