Acidity and Basicity of Solids

The subject of acidity and basicity has enormous economic and technological value while it continues to present significant scientific challenges with prospects for further important technological developments. Historically, technological developments in acidity/basicity have often preceded the scientific understanding of the phenomena involved, certainly in the petroleum industry, a key beneficiarry and user of the concepts of acidity. This process, however, is very expensive and less efficient than developments based on a fundamental understanding of the scientific phenomena involved. This has been recognized over the years and it explains why university, government and industrial laboratories have in the last 50 years devoted large efforts to understanding acidity (and basicity to a lesser extent) so they can gain the technological advantage. The scientific and technological literature on the subject is truly enormous. There have been some very important articles and books on the subject that have attempted to critically review many individual contributions. During the last few years there have been three developments that led us to organize the Advanced Study Institute on which this volume is based: a) Significant developments in the theory of acids and bases; b) Developments in instrumentation that allow the detailed characterization of materials including in-situ conditions relevant to industrial processes; c) The realization that closer coupling of scientific and technological pursuits can lead to greater scientific understanding and better technology. The structure of the ASI reflected the coming-together of these three factors.

Klappentext

Historically, technological developments that have made use of the acidity/basicity of solids have often preceded an understanding of the phenomena involved. This, of course, is very expensive, and a far less efficient process than research based on a fundamental understanding of the science. For the last 50 years, therefore, a vast amount of research has been devoted to the subject: the rewards, in terms of technological advantage, were seen to be high. br/ In the last few years, however, significant advances in the field have been achieved, in terms of our theoretical understanding, in instrumentation that allows research to be conducted emin situ/em and under conditions appropriate to industrial processes, and in the realisation that a closer coupling between science and technology can improve our quest. br/ It is against such a background that emAcidity and Basicity of Solids/em presents the latest and best work in the field. br/ For specialized workers in the field and university teachers of introductory as well as graduate courses. The more general reader will find the reviews particularly interesting. br/ br/

Inhalt
Historical Perspectives of Acidity and Basicity. Part 1: 4000 B.C. 1800 A.D..- Historical Perspectives of Acidity and Basicity. Part 2: 1800 A.D. -.- Theory of Acids and Bases. I. Relationships between Structure and Acidity and Basicity. II. Theory of Medium Effects on Acidity and Basicity.- Quantum Mechanical Study of Acid Base Reactions in the Solid State.- Acidity and Basicity Concepts: The Density Functional Viewpoint Based on an Atoms-in-Molecules Sensitivity Analysis - a Tutorial.- The Acid Function in Zeolites.- Basicity in Zeolites.- The Nature of Lewis Acid Sites of Aluminium Oxide and in Zeolites as Studied by IR Spectra of Adsorbed Hydrogen.- Structure and Composition Factors in the Acidity and Basicity of Inorganic Molecular Metal-Oxygen Cluster Catalysts and Their Influence on the Surface and Catalytic Properties.- The Acidity and Basicity of Solids: Intrinsic Properties of the surface, Its Structure and Composition.- Characterization of Brönsted and Lewis Acidity by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- Characterization of Brönsted Acidity of Solids by Rigid-Lattice Broad-Line 1H-NMR. Part 1: Methodology.- Comparison of Different Zeolites Studied by two Proton NMR Techniques: Broad-Line at 4 K and High Resolution Mas at 300 K.- Catalytic Chemistry of Perfluorinated Resinsulfonic Acids: Reactions, Mechanistic Aspects and Superelectrophilic Activation.- The Mechanism of Proton Transfer and the Nature of Protonated Intermediates in Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis.- Acid-Base Bifunctional Catalysis.- Generation of Acidity (Amount and Strength) in Silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO Zeolites). Examples of SAPO-5, -11, -34 and -37.- Determination of Silicon Coordination Spheres in SAPO-37 Molecular Sieve with MS-EXCEL.- Importance of Preparation of Acidic andBasic Solid Materials.- Regulation of Surface Acidity of Oxidic Carriers used for the Preparation of Supported Catalysts.- Industrial Catalytic Applications of Acidic Molecular Sieves.- Application of Solid Acids and Bases to Various Fields.- Characterization of Brönsted Acidity of Solids by Rigid-Lattice Broad-Line 1H-NMR. Part 2: Applications.- Closing Remarks.