Sustainable Environmental Engineering

The important resource that explores the twelve design principles of sustainable environmental engineering Sustainable Environmental Engineering (SEE) is to research, design, and build Environmental Engineering Infrastructure System (EEIS) in harmony with nature using life cycle cost analysis and benefit analysis and life cycle assessment and to protect human health and environments at minimal cost. The foundations of the SEE are the twelve design principles (TDPs) with three specific rules for each principle. The TDPs attempt to transform how environmental engineering could be taught by prioritizing six design hierarchies through six different dimensions. Six design hierarchies are prevention, recovery, separation, treatment, remediation, and optimization. Six dimensions are integrated system, material economy, reliability on spatial scale, resiliency on temporal scale, and cost effectiveness. In addition, the authors, two experts in the field, introduce major computer packages that are useful to solve real environmental engineering design problems. The text presents how specific environmental engineering issues could be identified and prioritized under climate change through quantification of air, water, and soil quality indexes. For water pollution control, eight innovative technologies which are critical in the paradigm shift from the conventional environmental engineering design to water resource recovery facility (WRRF) are examined in detail. These new processes include UV disinfection, membrane separation technologies, Anammox, membrane biological reactor, struvite precipitation, Fenton process, photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants, as well as green infrastructure. Computer tools are provided to facilitate life cycle cost and benefit analysis of WRRF. This important resource: Includes statistical analysis of engineering design parameters using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Presents Monte Carlos simulation using Crystal ball to quantify uncertainty and sensitivity of design parameters Contains design methods of new energy, materials, processes, products, and system to achieve energy positive WRRF that are illustrated with Matlab Provides information on life cycle costs in terms of capital and operation for different processes using MatLab Written for senior or graduates in environmental or chemical engineering, Sustainable Environmental Engineering defines and illustrates the TDPs of SEE. Undergraduate, graduate, and engineers should find the computer codes are useful in their EEIS design. The exercise at the end of each chapter encourages students to identify EEI engineering problems in their own city and find creative solutions by applying the TDPs. For more information, please visit www.tang.fiu.edu.

Autorentext

WALTER Z. TANG, Ph.D., P.E., is an Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing at Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. MIKA SILLANPÄÄ, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science at the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland.

Klappentext
THE IMPORTANT RESOURCE THAT EXPLORES THE TWELVE DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Sustainable Environmental Engineering (SEE) is to research, design, build, operate, and maintain Environmental Engineering Infrastructure System (EEIS) in harmony with nature using life cycle cost/benefit analysis and life cycle assessment and to protect human health and environments at minimal cost. The foundations of the SEE are the twelve design principles (TDPs) with three specific rules for each principle. The TDPs attempt to transform how environmental engineering could be taught by prioritizing six design hierarchies through six different dimensions. Six design hierarchies are prevention, recovery, separation, treatment, remediation, and optimization, while six dimensions are integrated system, material economy, energy efficiency, reliability on spatial scale, resiliency on temporal scale, and cost effectiveness. In addition, the authors, two experts in the field, introduce major computer packages that are useful to solve real environmental engineering design problems. The text presents how specific environmental engineering issues could be identified and prioritized under climate change through quantification of air, water, and soil quality indexes. For water pollution control, eight innovative technologies which are critical in the paradigm shift from the conventional environmental engineering design to water resource recovery facility (WRRF) are examined in detail. These new processes include UV disinfection, membrane separation technologies, Anammox, membrane biological reactor, struvite precipitation, Fenton process, photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants, as well as green infrastructure. Computer tools are provided to facilitate life cycle cost and benefit analysis of WRRF. This important resource:

• Includes statistical analysis of engineering design parameters using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
• Presents Monte Carlos simulation using Crystal Ball to quantify uncertainty and sensitivity of design parameters
• Contains design methods of new energy, materials, processes, products, and system to achieve energy positive WRRF that are illustrated with Matlab
• Provides information on life cycle costs in terms of capital and operation for different processes using MatLab Written for senior or graduates in environmental or chemical engineering, Sustainable Environmental Engineering defines and illustrates the TDPs of SEE. Undergraduate, graduate, and engineers should find the computer codes are useful in their EEIS design. The exercise at the end of each chapter encourages students to identify EEI engineering problems in their own city and find creative solutions by applying the TDPs. For more information, please visit www.tang.fiu.edu.

Inhalt
Preface xv

1 Renewable Resources and Environmental Quality 1

1.1 Renewable Resources and Energy 1

1.2 Human Demand and Footprint 5

1.2.1 Human Demand 5

1.2.2 Human Footprints 6

1.2.2.1 Water Footprints 7

1.2.2.2 Gray Water System 7

1.3 Challenges and Opportunities 9

1.3.1 Excessive Nitrogen Runoff 10

1.3.2 Phosphorus Depletion 10

1.3.3 Carbon Pollution 11

1.3.4 Peak Oil 11

1.3.5 Climate Change 11

1.4 Carrying Capacity 11

1.5 Air, Water, and Soil Quality Index 13

1.5.1 Air Quality Standards 13

1.5.2 Air Quality Index 13

1.5.3 Water Quality Index 14

1.5.4 Soil Quality Index 17

1.5.4.1 F1 (Scope) 17

1.5.4.2 F2 (Frequency) 17

1.5.4.3 F3 (Amplitude) 17

1.5.4.4 Soil Quality Index (SQI) 18

1.6 Air, Water, and Soil Pollution 19

1.6.1 Air Pollution 19

1.6.2 Water Pollution 19

1.7 Life Cycle Assessment 21

1.7.1 LCA Tools 22

1.8 Environmental Laws 22

1.9 Exercise 24

1.9.1 Questions 24

1.9.2 Assignment 25

1.9.3 Problems 25

1.9.4 Projects 25

1.9.4.1 Xiongan Project 25

1.9.4.2 Community Project 26

References 26

2 Health Risk Assessment 29

2.1 Environmental Health 29

2.2 Environmental Standards 31

2.3 Health Risk Assessment 36

2.3.1 Hazard Identification 36

2.3.2 DoseResponse Curves 37

2.3.2.1 Nonlinear DoseResponse Assessment 37

2.3.2.2 Linear DoseResponse Assessment 40

2.3.3 Exposure Assessment 41

2.3.3.1 Cancer Screening Calculation for Dermal Contaminants in Water 41

2.3.3.2 Noncancer Screening Calculation for Contaminants in Residential Soil 43

2.3.4 DBP Health Advisory Concentration 44

2.3.5 Risk Characterizations 46

2.4 QSAR Analysis in HRA 46

2.4.1 Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) 48

2.4.2 Validation of QSAR Models 49

2.5 Quantification of Uncertainty 54

2.5.1 Qu…