Electrochemical Power Sources

Electrochemical Power Sources (EPS) provides in a concise way the
operational features, major types, and applications of batteries,
fuel cells, and supercapacitors

• Details the design, operational features, and
  applications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors

• Covers improvements of existing EPSs and the
  development of new kinds of EPS as the results of intense R&D
  work

• Provides outlook for future trends in fuel cells and
  batteries

• Covers the most typical battery types, fuel cells and
  supercapacitors; such as zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline manganese
  dioxide batteries, mercury-zinc cells, lead-acid batteries, cadmium
  storage batteries, silver-zinc batteries and modern lithium
  batteries

Autorentext

The Late Vladimir S. Bagotsky (2013) was an acclaimed scientist
in the field of electrochemical phenomena. He has worked as
the Head of Department at the Moscow Power Sources Institute,
supervising development of fuel cells for various national and
international projects. For 20 years, he was the Head of
Department and Principal Scientist at the A.N. Frumkin Institute of
Electrochemistry. He has published more than 400 papers in
scientific journals such as the Russian Journal of Electrochemistry
and The Journal of Power Sources.

Alexander M. Skundin, PhD is a chief scientist at the A.N.
Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the
Russian Academy of sciences. He is one of the main experts on
lithium batteries in Russia.

Yurij M. Volfkovich, PhD, is chief scientist at the A.N. Frumkin
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian
Academy of sciences, and is one of the main experts on
supercapacitors in Russia.

Zusammenfassung
Electrochemical Power Sources (EPS) provides in a concise way the operational features, major types, and applications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors
• Details the design, operational features, and applications of batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors
• Covers improvements of existing EPSs and the development of new kinds of EPS as the results of intense R&D work
• Provides outlook for future trends in fuel cells and batteries
• Covers the most typical battery types, fuel cells and supercapacitors; such as zinc-carbon batteries, alkaline manganese dioxide batteries, mercury-zinc cells, lead-acid batteries, cadmium storage batteries, silver-zinc batteries and modern lithium batteries

Inhalt

Foreword xv

Acknowledgements xvii

Preface xix

Symbols xxi

Abbrevations xxiii

Introduction xxv

Part I Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes 1

1 General Aspects 3

1.1 Definition 3

1.2 Current-Producing Chemical Reaction 3

1.3 Classification 5

1.4 Thermodynamic Aspects 6

1.5 Historical Development 8

1.6 Nomenclature 9

Reviews and Monographs 10

2 Main Battery Types 11

2.1 Electrochemical Systems 11

2.2 Leclanché (ZincCarbon) Batteries 12

2.3 The Zinc Electrode in Alkaline Solutions 14

2.4 Alkaline ManganeseZinc Batteries 14

2.5 Lead Acid Batteries 17

2.6 Alkaline Nickel Storage Batteries 20

2.7 SilverZinc Batteries 23

References 24

Monographs and Reviews 25

3 Performance 27

3.1 Electrical Characteristics of Batteries 27

3.2 Electrical Characteristics of Storage Batteries 30

3.3 Comparative Characteristics 30

3.4 Operational Characteristics 31

References 32

4 Miscellaneous Batteries 33

4.1 MercuryZinc Batteries 33

4.2 Compound Batteries 34

4.3 Batteries with Water as Reactant 37

4.4 Standard Cells 38

4.5 Reserve Batteries 39

Reference 41

Reviews and Monographs 41

5 Design and Technology 43

5.1 Balance in Batteries 43

5.2 Scale Factors 44

5.3 Separators 44

5.4 Sealing 46

5.5 Ohmic Losses 47

5.6 Thermal Processes in Batteries 48

6 Applications of Batteries 51

6.1 Automotive Equipment Starter and Auxiliary Batteries 51

6.2 Traction Batteries 52

6.3 Stationary Batteries 53

6.4 Domestic and Portable Systems 53

6.5 Special Applications 54

7 Operational Problems 55

7.1 Discharge and Maintenance of Primary Batteries 55

7.2 Maintenance of Storage Batteries 56

7.3 General Aspects of Battery Maintenance 60

8 Outlook for Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte 63

References 64

Part II Batteries with Nonaqueous Electrolytes 65

9 Different Kinds of Electrolytes 67

9.1 Electrolytes Based on Aprotic Nonaqueous Solutions 68

9.2 Ionically Conducting Molten Salts 69

9.3 Ionically Conducting Solid Electrolytes 70

References 72

10 Insertion Compounds 73

Monographs and Reviews 76

11 Primary Lithium Batteries 77

11.1 General Information: Brief History 77

11.2 Current-Producing and Other Processes in Primary Power Sources 79

11.3 Design of Primary Lithium Cells 81

11.4 Fundamentals of the Technology of Manufacturing of Lithium Primary Cells 82

11.5 Electric Characteristics of Lithium Cells 82

11.6 Operational Characteristics of Lithium Cells 83

11.7 Features of Primary Lithium Cells of Different Electrochemical Systems 84

Monographs 89

12 Lithium Ion Batteries 91

12.1 General Information: Brief History 91

12.2 Current-Producing and Other Processes in Lithium Ion Batteries 93

12.3 Design and Technology of Lithium Ion Batteries 96

12.4 Electric Characteristics, Performance, and Other Characteristics of Lithium Ion Batteries 98

12.5 Prospects of Development of Lithium Ion Batteries 99

Monographs 101

13 Lithium Ion Batteries: What Next? 103

13.1 LithiumAir Batteries 103

13.2 LithiumSulfur Batteries 106

13.3 Sodium Ion Batteries 108

Reviews 110

14 Solid-State Batteries 111 14.1 Low-Temperatur...