Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Metabolic Homeostasis, Diabetes and Obesity

The book provides a reference for years to come, written by world-renowned expert investigators studying sex differences, the role of sex hormones, the systems biology of sex, and the genetic contribution of sex chromosomes to metabolic homeostasis and diseases. In this volume, leaders of the pharmaceutical industry present their views on sex-specific drug discovery. Many of the authors presented at the Keystone Symposium on "Sex and gender factors affecting metabolic homeostasis, diabetes and obesity" to be held in March 2017 in Lake Tahoe, CA. This book will generate new knowledge and ideas on the importance of gender biology and medicine from a molecular standpoint to the population level and to provide the methods to study them. It is intended to be a catalyst leading to gender-specific treatments of metabolic diseases. There are fundamental aspects of metabolic homeostasis that are regulated differently in males and females, and influence both the development of diabetes and obesity and the response to pharmacological intervention. Still, most preclinical researchers avoid studying female rodents due to the added complexity of research plans. The consequence is a generation of data that risks being relevant to only half of the population. This is a timely moment to publish a book on sex differences in diseases as NIH leadership has asked scientists to consider sex as a biological variable in preclinical research, to ensure that women get the same benefit of medical research as men.

Autorentext
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, MD, PhD, is Director of the Diabetes Discovery Research & Gender Medicine Laboratory, and Professor of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Inhalt

Introduction to sex and gender factors affecting metabolic homeostasis, diabetes and obesity.- Part I. Sex differences in diabetes and obesity.- Epidemiology of sex differences in diabetes and obesity.- Sex differences in body composition.- Cellular Mechanisms driving sex differences in adipose tissue biology and body shape in humans and mouse models.- Men are from Mars and women are from Venus: Sex differences in insulin action and secretion.- The role of sex and sex hormones in regulating obesity-induced inflammation.- Sex differences in leptin regulation of cardiovascular function in health and metabolic diseases.- Sex effects at the ramparts: Nutrient- and microbe-mediated regulation of the immune-metabolic interface.- Sexual dimorphism of estrogen action in mouse liver.- Sex differences in muscle wasting.- Origins and functions of the ventrolateral VMH An organized neuronal cluster orchestrating sex differences in metabolism and behavior. Holly Ingraham, William Krause.- Part II. Role of estrogens in metabolic homeostasis.- Menopause, estrogens and glucose homeostasis in women.- Role of estrogens in the regulation of liver lipid metabolism.- The role of skeletal muscle estrogen receptors in metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.- Estrogens and body weight regulation in men.- Estradiol regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.- Brain estrogens and feeding behavior.- Sex differences and role of estradiol in hypoglycemia-associated counter-regulation.-The role of estrogens in pancreatic islet physiopathology.- Nuclear and membrane actions of estrogen receptor-: contribution to the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis.- G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and sex-specific metabolic homeostasis.- Gender-dependent role of steroid sulfatase and estrogen sulfotransferase in metabolic homeostasis.- Part III. Impact of of androgens in metabolic homeostasis and disease.- Negative impact of testosterone deficiency and 5-reductase inhibitors therapy on metabolic and sexual dysfunction in men.- Testosterone therapy and glucose homeostasis in men with testosterone deficiency (Hypogonadism).- Sex differences in androgen regulation of metabolism in nonhuman primates.- Prenatal Testosterone programming of insulin resistance in the female sheep.- The role of androgen excess in metabolic dysfunction in women.- Part IV. Transgender biology and metabolism.- Sex, gender, and transgender: Metabolic impact of cross hormone therapy.