Stem Cells

Stem Cells: A Short Course is a comprehensive text for students delving into the rapidly evolving discipline of stem cell research. Comprised of eight chapters, the text addresses all of the major facets and disciplines related to stem cell biology and research. A brief history of stem cell research serves as an introduction, followed by coverage of stem cell fundamentals; chapters then explore embryonic and fetal amniotic stem cells, adult stem cells, nuclear reprogramming, and cancer stem cells. The book concludes with chapters on stem cell applications, including the role of stem cells in drug discovery and therapeutic applications in spinal cord injury, brain damage, neurological and autoimmune disorders, among others.
Written by a leader in the field, Stem Cells: A Short Course appeals to both students and instructors alike, appealing to academic enthusiasm for stem cell research and applications.

Autorentext

Rob Burgess, PhD is Vice President of Global Business Development for RayBiotech, Inc. He is also an Assistant Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of Texas at Dallas within the School of Natural Sciences. He has co-founded several successful start-up companies (Lexicon Genetics, Inc. and Medical Nanotechnologies); restructured and streamlined research, development and manufacturing efforts at Zyvex Corporation; managed over 35 R&D and manufacturing scientists and engineers at Zyvex Corp; authored several book chapters and one textbook on nanomedicine, and published several papers in major peer-reviewed journals such as Science and Nature. He is an expert in the fields of vertebrae functional genomics, stem cells and nanotechnology, with a specific emphasis on stem cell gene targeting and knockout technologies.

Zusammenfassung
Stem Cells: A Short Course is a comprehensive text for students delving into the rapidly evolving discipline of stem cell research. Comprised of eight chapters, the text addresses all of the major facets and disciplines related to stem cell biology and research. A brief history of stem cell research serves as an introduction, followed by coverage of stem cell fundamentals; chapters then explore embryonic and fetal amniotic stem cells, adult stem cells, nuclear reprogramming, and cancer stem cells. The book concludes with chapters on stem cell applications, including the role of stem cells in drug discovery and therapeutic applications in spinal cord injury, brain damage, neurological and autoimmune disorders, among others. Written by a leader in the field, Stem Cells: A Short Course appeals to both students and instructors alike, appealing to academic enthusiasm for stem cell research and applications.

Inhalt

Preface to the Professor xvii

Preface to the Student xxi

Acknowledgments xxiii

List of Figures xxv

List of Tables xxxvii

List of Case Studies xxxix

List of Focus Boxes xli

1 A HISTORY OF STEM CELL RESEARCH 1

Early Studies 1

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Discovery 4

Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Discovery 6

Successful Neural Stem Cell Culture 7

The Discovery of Cancer Stem Cells 8

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Discovery 9

Stem Cells And Cloning 11

Cord Blood Embryonic?]Like Stem CellsAn Alternative to Es and Adult Stem Cells 14

Breakthrough In Spinal Cord Injury Repair 15

The Generation of ips Cells 16

iPS Cells Derived from Keratinocytes 20

iPS Induction Without the Use of Viruses 20

Transposon?]Mediated iPS 21

Protein?]Based iPS 22

The Discovery of Human Amniotic Stem Cells 24

Human Embryonic Stem Cells Generated Without Embryo Destruction 25

Human Cloning 25

Mesenchymal Stem Cell?]Derived Human Knee Cartilage 27

The First Clinical Trial Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells 28

Mitochondrial DNA: A Barrier To Autologous Cell Therapeutics 29

Induced Pluripotency And The Potential To Save Endangered Species 30

Chapter Summary 33

Key Terms 37

Review Questions 39

Thought Question 40

Suggested Readings 40

2 FUNDAMENTALS OF STEM CELLS 43

Basic in Vitro Cell CultureA Historical Perspective 43

Stem Cell CultureOptimal Conditions and Techniques 48

Embryonic Stem Cell Culture 49

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Culture 52

Notch Regulation of HSC Proliferation 52

Other Drivers of HSC Proliferation 53

Adipose?]Derived Stem Cell Culture 54

The Study of Embryonic Development 56

Embryonic Development and the Origin of Stem Cells 56

Early Events in Embryogenesis 56

Germ Cell Development 61

Basic Properties of Stem Cells 63

Long?]Term Self?]Renewal 63

Different Potency Capabilities 63

Totipotency 64

Pluripotency 65

Multipotency 68

Oligopotency 68

Unipotency 69

Types of Stem Cells 70

Embryonic Stem Cells 70

Fetal Stem Cells 70

Amniotic Stem Cells 71

Adult Stem Cells 71

Induced Pluripotency (iPS) Cells 71

Cancer Stem Cells 71

The Potential of Stem Cells in Medicine and Medical Research 71

Therapeutics 71

Tissue Engineering 71

Cell Therapy 73

Cell?]Based Drug Screening 75

Chapter Summary 77

Key Terms 80

Review Questions 83

Thought Question 84

Suggested Readings 85

3 EMBRYONIC STEM, FETAL, AND AMNIOTIC STEM CELLS 87

ES Cells 87

Basic Properties 87

Pluripotency 87

Indefinite Replicative Capacity 89

Signaling and Transcriptional Control of ES Cell Replication 90

Examples of ES Cells 92

Mouse ES Cells 92

Rat ES Cells 95

Nonhuman Primate ES Cells 97

Human ES Cells 100

EC Cells 103

Embryonal Germ Cells 105

EG Cell Growth Factor Signaling 105

Comparing Embryonically Derived Cells 106

Fetal Stem Cells 108

Basic Properties 108

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells 108

Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells 109

Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells 110

Placental Stem Cells 110

Chapter Summary 112

Key Terms 114

Review Questions 115

Thought Question 116

Suggested Reading 116

4 ADULT STEM CELLS 118

Discovery and Origin of ASCs 118 Basic Properties of ASCs 118</p...