Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems

Modeling of the rainfall-runoff process is of both scientific and practical significance. Many of the currently used mathematical models of hydrologic systems were developed a genera­ tion ago. Much of the effort since then has focused on refining these models rather than on developing new models based on improved scientific understanding. In the past few years, however, a renewed effort has been made to improve both our fundamental understanding of hydrologic processes and to exploit technological advances in computing and remote sensing. It is against this background that the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems was organized. The idea for holding a NATO ASI on this topic grew out of an informal discussion between one of the co-directors and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia at a previous NATO ASI held at Tucson, Arizona in 1985. The Special Program Panel on Global Transport Mechanisms in the Geo-Sciences of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division agreed to sponsor the ASI and an organizing committee was formed. The committee comprised the co­ directors, Professor David S. Bowles (U.S.A.) and Professor P. Enda O'Connell (U.K.), and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia (Portugal), Dr. Donn G. DeCoursey (U.S.A.), and Professor Ezio Todini (Italy).

Inhalt

I - Introduction.- 1. A Historical Perspective.- 2. Hydrology: Infusing Science into a Demand-Driven Art.- II - State-of-the-Art in Modeling Individual Components of the Hydrologic Cycle.- 3. Hydrologic Advances in Space-Time Precipitation Modeling and Forecasting.- 4. The Formulation of Evaporation from Land Surfaces.- 5. Physics-Based Models of Snow.- 6. A Physically Based Snowcover Model.- 7. Infiltration, Soil Moisture, and Unsaturated Flow.- 8. Overland Flow: A Two-Dimensional Modeling Approach.- III - State-of-the-Art in Modeling Linked Components of the Hydrologic Cycle.- 9. Real Time Coupling of Hydrologic and Meteorological Models for Flood Forecasting.- 10. Modeling of Saturated Flow and the Coupling of Surface and Subsurface Flow.- 11. Environmental Features Important in Nonpoint Source Models - Microclimatology.- 12. Environmental Features Important in Nonpoint Source Models - Crop Growth and Influence of Management on Soil Properties.- 13. Framework for Erosion and Sediment Yield Modeling.- 14. Integrated Quantity/Quality Modeling - Root Zone Leaching.- 15. Integrated Quantity/Quality Modeling - Receiving Waters.- IV - Current Modeling Issues.- 16. Scale Considerations.- 17. Spatially Distributed Modeling: Conceptual Approach to Runoff Prediction.- 18. Hydraulic and Hydrologic Flood Routing Schemes.- 19. OMEGA: Impact of Spatial Variability of Infiltration Parameters on Catchment Response.- 20. Parameter Estimation, Model Identification, and Model Validation: Conceptual-Type Models.- V - Current Technological Trends.- 21. Recent Advances and Future Implications of Remote Sensing for Hydrologic Modeling.- 22. The Impact of ESPRIT Projects upon the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems.- 23. Contributions of Computational Hydraulics to the Foundation of a Computational Hydrology.- VI - Synthesis of Hydrologic Models for Different Physical Settings and Various Applications.- 24. Problems of Runoff Modeling Which are Particular to the Area or Climate Being Modeled.- 25. Comparison of USGS and HEC-1 Kinematic Wave Runoff Models.- 26. Hydrologic Modeling for Water Resources Planning.- 27. Learning by Parametric Modeling: Hydrologic Investigations of Utah Mountain Catchments.- VII - Relationship of Experimental Studies and Hydrologic Modeling.- 28. Mathematical Models: Research Tools for Experimental Watersheds.- 29. Numerical Simulations and Field Experiments of Unsaturated Flow and Transport: The Roles of Hysteresis and State-Dependent Anisotropy.- Appendix - Other Presentations Given at the NATO ASI.