Progress of Recycling in the Built Environment

This report is a useful tool for countries starting to recycle aggregates or construction and demolition waste. It contains the latest developments in this field, introduces a completely new approach to the procedure of proportioning concrete mixtures with recycled aggregate, references recent publications, opinions and discrepancies in relation to the durability of recycled concrete, such as freeze-thaw standards, studies of chloride penetration and diffusion, and sulfate attacks, the use of the fine fraction <4mm, quality assurance of concrete recycled aggregate, sustainability and recycling construction waste and global impact assessment of urban renewal based on sustainable recycling strategies for construction and demolition waste. This volume will be of interest to recyclers, researchers and consumers.

Zusammenfassung
This report is a useful tool for countries starting to recycle aggregates or construction and demolition waste.
It contains the latest developments in this field, introduces a completely new approach to the procedure of proportioning concrete mixtures with recycled aggregate, references recent publications, opinions and discrepancies in relation to the durability of recycled concrete, such as freeze-thaw standards, studies of chloride penetration and diffusion, and sulfate attacks, the use of the fine fraction <4mm, quality assurance of concrete recycled aggregate, sustainability and recycling construction waste and global impact assessment of urban renewal based on sustainable recycling strategies for construction and demolition waste.
This volume will be of interest to recyclers, researchers and consumers.

Inhalt

1.INTRODUCTION AND ACTIVITIES.- 1.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE BOOK.- 1.2. ABSTRACT OF THE TC'S ACTIVITIES (MEETINGS, METHODOLOGY, SYMPOSIA).- References.- 2. CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE RECYCLING IN A BROADER ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE.- 2.1. Sustainability and recycling construction waste.- 2.1.1. Introduction.- 2.1.2. Defining and measuring sustainability.- 2.1.1. Environmental drivers for recycling - closing the materials flow cycle.- 2.1.1. The flow of mineral construction materials and construction waste.- 2.1.2. Informal production of aggregates.- 2.1.3. Economical drivers for recycled aggregates.- 2.1.4. Social drivers.- 2.1.5. Assessing sustainability of recycled aggregates.- 2.1.1. The need for further developments.- References.- 2.2. Global impact assessment of urban renewal based on sustainable recycling strategies for Construction and Demolition Waste.- 2.2.1. Why sustainable urban renewal is necessary.- 2.2.2. How recycling strategies in urban renewal are applied.- 2.2.3. How modelling supports the decision-making process.- 2.2.4. Why european urban renewal projects are involved.- 2.2.5. How recycling reduces CO2 emission.- 2.2.6. How recycling signifies savings in primary resources.- 2.2.7. How recycling contributes to diminishing the global impact of urban renewal in both developed and developing countries.- 2.2.8. Appendix 1 : Calculation NATO Headquarters case.- 2.2.9. Appendix 2 : Calculation City Harbour Rotterdam.- References.- 3. OVERVIEW REGARDING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES.- 3.1. Recycling in Belgium: An overview of the present situation in Belgium from the recycling industry and research about CDW.- 3.1.1. Current market situation.- 3.1.2. Standards and recommendations for application.- 3.1.3. Principal problems related to standards and applications.- 3.1.4. New applications and research.- 3.2. Recycling in Brazil: An overview of the present situation of CDW in managing and recycling.- 3.2.1. CDW generation and composition.- 3.2.2. CDW management and recycling.- References.- 3.3. Recycling in North America: State-of-the art of RCA-concrete in North America.- 3.3.1. Introduction.- 3.3.2. Development of a New Mixture Proportioning Method for RCA-concrete.- 3.3.3. Structural Behaviour and Strength of RCA-concrete Members.- 3.3.4. Bond and Development Length.- 3.3.5. Durability and Long-term Performance.- 3.3.6. Research on RCA in Pavement Concrete.- References.- 3.4. Recycling in China: An overview of study on recycled aggregate concrete.- 3.4.1. Introduction.- 3.4.2. Mechanical properties of recycled concrete: Strength.- 3.4.3. Behaviour of concrete under various stress stages.- 3.4.4.Deformation characteristics.- 3.4.5. Stress-Strain relationship.- 3.4.6. Durability.- 3.4.7. Carbonization.- 3.4.8. Chloride Penetration.- 3.4.9. Freeze and Thaw.- 3.4.10. Abrasion.- 3.4.11. Structural performance of recycled concrete.- 3.4.12. Reinforced RAC elements under monotonic loadings.- 3.4.13. Reinforced RAC structures under cyclic loadings.- 3.4.14. Shaking table tests on RAC structures.- 3.4.15. Conclusions and recommendations.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3.5. Recycling in Germany: Overview regarding CDW in germany.- 3.5.1. Amounts of Construction and Demolition Waste and fields of utilization.- 3.5.2. Standards and recommendations.- 3.5.3.New realizations and projects.- References.- 3.6. Recycling in Italy: Overview regarding construction and demolition waste.- 3.6.1. Preliminary remarks about the method.- 3.6.2. The production of recycled aggregates in Italy: Qualitative aspects.- 3.6.3. Quantitative aspects.- 3.6.4. Normative aspects.- 3.6.5. A comparison with European data.- 3.6.6.Characteristics of plants - Tecnology.- 3.6.7. The administrative procedure to install a recycling plant and the complementary activities.- 3.6.8. Work modalities.- 3.6.9. The recycled aggregates' market.- 3.6.10. Conclusion.- References.- 3.7. Recycling in the Netherlands.- 3.7.1. Existing standards relevant to CDW.- 3.8. Recycling in Portugal: Overview of CDW.- 3.8.1. Introduction.- 3.8.2. Portuguese specifications for CDW application.- 3.8.3. Recycling plants.- 3.8.4. Recycling rates.- 3.8.5. Case studies.- References.- 3.9. Recycling in Spain: Overview of CDW.- 3.9.1. Introduction.- 3.9.2. Diagnosis Method.- 3.9.3. Production of recycled aggregates in Spain.- 3.9.4. Properties of Spanish recycled aggregates.- 3.9.5. The proposed classification of the recycled aggregates.- 3.9.6. GEAR-PRT-02: Technical specifications and recommendations for aggregates from construction and demolition waste, to use as a granular material in pavements.- 3.9.7. GEAR-PRT-04: Technical specifications and recommendations for aggregates from construction and demolition waste, to use as a granular material in pavement surfaces, treated with hydraulic binders.- 3.9.8. GEAR-PRT-05: Technical specifications and recommendations for aggregates from construction and demolition waste, to use as a granular material in precast concrete units, treated with hydraulic binders.- 3.9.9. GEAR-PRT-07: Technical specifications and recommendations for aggregates from construction and demolition waste, to use as a granular material treated with hydraulic binders in roller compacted concrete.- 3.9.10. GEAR-PRT-06: Technical specifications and recommendations for aggregates from construction and demolition waste, to use as a granular material treated with hydraulic binders in mass concrete.- 3.9.11. Associated works to GEAR project ("Pre-normative research on the use of recycled aggregate").- 4. Recycled Concrete.- 4.1. Methods in mixture proportioning and his influence in the properties.- References.- 4.2. Durability.- 4.2.1. Sulfates.- 4.2.2. Frost-susceptible recycled concrete aggregates.- 4.2.3. Chloride penetration.- References.- 5. Use of fine fraction.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Processing fine recycled aggregates.- 5.3. Characteristics of fine recycled aggregates.- 5.3.1. Content of cement paste and fines.- 5.3.2.Density and water absorption.- 5.3.3. Shape.- 5.3.4. Deleterious substances.- 5.4. Technical specifications for fine recycled aggregates.- 5.5. Fine recycled concrete aggregates and fine recycled mixed aggregates.- 5.5.1. Concrete.- 5.5.2. Mortar .- 5.5.3. Blocks.- 5.5.4. Roads.- 5.5.5. …