Infrared Spectroscopy of Diatomics for Space Observation

This book describes different theoretical models developed to identify the near and mid infrared (IR) spectra of diatomic molecules isolated in the gas phase or subjected to environmental constraints, useful for the study of environmental sciences, planetology and astrophysics. The applications presented show how molecular interactions modify the near and mid IR spectra of isolated diatomics under the effect of pressure, a nano-cage (substitution site, Clathrate, Fullerene, Zeolite) or surfaces, to identify the characteristics of the perturbing environment.

Autorentext
Pierre Richard Dahoo, University of Versailles St Quentin (UVSQ), France Azzedine Lakhlifi, University of Franche-Comté, France

Inhalt

Foreword ix

Preface xi

Chapter 1. Generalities on Diatomic Molecules 1

1.1. Generalities on detecting diatomic molecules 2

1.1.1. Radiationmatter interaction for detection 2

1.1.2. Diatomic molecules: observation, analysis and interpretation 5

1.2. Hamiltonian of a diatomic molecule 9

1.3. Symmetry properties of a diatomic molecule 14

1.3.1. Group of symmetry 14

1.3.2. Symmetry of the electronic states 19

1.3.3. Symmetry of the total wave functions 22

1.4. Example of the diatomic molecule with two electrons H2, HD, D2 29

1.4.1. Hamiltonian of the isotopologues 29

1.4.2. BO approximation 32

1.4.3. Adiabatic representation 35

1.4.4. Diabatic representation 35

1.5. Conclusion 36

1.6. Appendix 37

Chapter 2. Energy Levels of a Diatomic Molecule in Gaseous Phase 41

2.1. Introduction 42

2.2. Pure vibration movement of a diatomic molecule 43

2.2.1. Harmonic oscillator: classical processing 44

2.2.2. Harmonic oscillator: quantum aspect 47

2.2.3. Transitions between two vibrational levels: selection rules 51

2.2.4. Creation and annihilation operators 54

2.2.5. Anharmonic oscillator 56

2.2.6. Contact transformation method 60

2.3. Rotation movement of a rigid diatomic molecule 67

2.3.1. Free rigid rotor: classical processing 67

2.3.2. Free rigid rotor: quantum aspect 68

2.3.3. Transitions between rotational levels: selection rules 72

2.4. Vibrationrotation coupling of a free diatomic molecule 73

2.4.1. Non-rigid rotor 73

2.4.2. Rovibrational transitions: selection rules 74

2.5. Appendix 76

2.5.1. The commutators 76

2.5.2. Expressions of pn and qn in terms of the operators a and a 76

2.5.3. Matrix elements of pn and qn 77

2.5.4. Matrix of rotation and rotational transitions 80

Chapter 3. Profile and Shape of Spectral Lines 83

3.1. Introduction 84

3.2. Semiclassical model of calculating the broadening parameters of spectral lines 85

3.2.1. General description of the interacting physical system 85

3.2.2. General expression of the profile of a spectral line 86

3.2.3. Consequences of the invariance of the Zwanzig relaxation operator under rotation 91

3.2.4. Semiclassical context for calculating the relaxation matrix 93

3.2.5. Broadening parameter according to the diffusion operator 97

3.2.6. Calculation of the differential cross-section S(b, v) 98

3.2.7. Interaction potential energy 102

3.2.8. Relative trajectory of the molecules 107

3.2.9. Expression of S(b,v) in terms of resonance functions 112

3.3. True shape, profile and intensity of an absorption line 115

3.4. Line profile 116

3.4.1. Lorentz profile 117

3.4.2. Gauss profile 118

3.4.3. Voigt profile 119

3.4.4. Galatry, NelkinGhatak and RautianSobelmann profiles 120

3.5. Conclusion 121

3.6. Appendix 122

3.6.1. Liouville formalism 122

3.6.2. The ClebschGordan coefficients and the Wigner 3j symbols 123

3.6.3. The terms of the differential cross-section expansion S(b,v) 124

Chapter 4. Energy Levels and Spectral Profile of a Diatomic Molecule in Condensed Phase 127

4.1. Introduction 127

4.2. Inclusion model 129

4.2.1. Binary interaction energy 130

4.2.2. LakhlifiDahoo inclusion model 137

4.3. Rare gas nanocage 138

4.3.1. The rare gases in the solid state138

4.3.2. Dynamics of the perfect fcc lattice (Bravais lattice) 141

4.3.3. Green function of the perfect monoatomic crystal 144 4.4. Inclusion of a molecule in a rare gas ...