Millets and Sorghum

Millets and sorghum are extremely important crops in many developing nations and because of the ability of many of them to thrive in low-moisture situations they represent some exciting opportunities for further development to address the continuing and increasing impact of global temperature increase on the sustainability of the world's food crops. The main focus of this thorough new book is the potential for crop improvement through new and traditional methods, with the book's main chapters covering the following crops: sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail milet, proso millet, little millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, tef and fonio. Further chapters cover pests and diseases, nutritional and industrial importance, novel tools for improvement, and seed systems in millets. Millets and Sorghum provides full and comprehensive coverage of these crucially important crops, their biology, world status and potential for improvement, and is an essential purchase for crop and plant scientists, and food scientists and technologists throughout the developed and developing world. All libraries in universities and research establishment where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this important book on their shelves.

Autorentext

Dr Jagannath V. Patil is Director of the Indian Institute of Millets Research and Head of the Directorate of Sorghum Research, Hyderabad, India
Dr Patil was formerly Professor of Botany in 2001 and Head, Department of Botany, MPKV, Rahuri. He has developed 19 varieties of safflower, chickpea, green gram, rajma bean, pigeon pea and sorghum, and has executed several research projects including international collaboration with DFID, ICRISAT-IFAD, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Hope Project and Mc Knight Foundation USA. Dr Patil has also developed and popularized several crop production technologies, including sowing methods, seed treatment, foliar nutrient application, IPM and in-situ moisture conservation, soil type-based cultivars, protective irrigation and nutrient supply.
Dr Patil is recipient of many awards and recognitions such as ICRISAT's Doreen Mashler Award, CGIAR's King Baudouin Chickpea team Award and a Fellowship of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Dr Patil has been engaged in post-graduate teaching in Genetics and Plant Breeding since 1994, and has published 107 peer-reviewed journal papers, 16 books and 53 other technical publications. Dr. Patil joined as Head, Directorate of Sorghum Research, Hyderabad in 2010.

Klappentext

Millets and sorghum are smart nutri cereals cultivated in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. The ability of many of them to thrive in low-moisture situations present some exciting opportunities for further development to address the continuing and increasing impact of global temperature increase on the sustainability of the world's food crops.

Millets and Sorghum: Biology and Genetic Improvement provides full and comprehensive coverage of these crucially important crops, their origin, taxonomy, morphology, genetic resources, reproductive biology, and breeding objectives through new and traditional methods. Chapters cover the following crops: sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, little millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and teff millet. Further chapters include coverage of genetic improvement of individual crops, research that has been carried out to impart resistance against pests and diseases and the sustainable seed systems for dissemination of research products.

This book is an essential guide for scientists, agronomists, biotechnologists, students and researchers interested in basic and applied research directed to the genetic improvement of these smart crops.

Inhalt
List of Contributors xvii Preface xix

Introduction: Millets The Miracle Grains xxi
C. Aruna Reddy

1 Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench 1
P. Sanjana Reddy

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Origin and Taxonomy 1

1.3 Germplasm Resources and Utilisation 2

1.4 Genetics and Cytogenetics 4

1.5 Reproductive Biology 5

1.6 Production Constraints 7

1.7 Breeding Objectives 7

1.8 Sorghum Improvement Across Diverse Parts of the World 24

1.9 Future Prospects 32

References 33

2 Pearl Millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. 49
P. Sanjana Reddy

2.1 Introduction 49

2.2 Origin and Taxonomy 51

2.3 Genetic Resources 52

2.4 Genetics of Important Traits 55

2.5 Morphology and Reproductive Biology 58

2.6 Selfing and Crossing 59

2.7 Breeding Methods 60

2.8 Cultivar Development 62

2.9 CMS Systems in Pearl Millet 64

2.10 Production Constraints 65

2.11 Grain Quality 73

2.12 Alternate Uses of Pearl Millet 73

2.13 Future Research Thrust Areas 74

References 75

3 Improvement in Finger Millet: Status and Future Prospects 87
K.N. Ganapathy

3.1 Introduction 87

3.2 Area Production and Productivity 87

3.3 Origin and Domestication 88

3.4 Botanical Features and Breeding Behaviour 89

3.5 Emasculation and Pollination Techniques 90

3.6 Genetics of Traits 91

3.7 Gene Pool of Eleusine coracana 93

3.8 Germplasm and Genetic Diversity 94

3.9 Varietal Improvement in India 96

3.10 Varietal Development in Africa 98

3.11 Genetic Improvement for Blast Resistance 100

3.12 Development of Genetic Male Sterility 102

3.13 Mutation Breeding 103

3.14 Strategies to Bridge Research Gaps for Enhancing Productivity and Utilisation of Finger Millet 104

References 107

4 Foxtail Millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. 112
K. Hariprasanna

4.1 Introduction 112

4.2 Origin and Taxonomy 116

4.3 Germplasm Resources and Utilisation 118

4.4 Genetics and Cytogenetics 122

4.5 Reproductive Biology 126

4.6 Breeding Objectives 128

4.7 Breeding Methods 129

4.8 Breeding Efforts in the United States 131

4.9 Breeding Efforts in China 132

4.10 Breeding Efforts in India 133

4.11 New Tools for Genetic Improvement 135

4.12 Future Prospects 140

References 140

5 Proso Millet, Panicum miliaceum (L.): Genetic Improvement and Research Needs 150
Sunil Shriram Gomashe

5.1 Introduction 150

5.2 Origin and Taxonomy 150

5.3 Botany and Reproductive Biology 151

5.4 Growth and Development 153

5.5 Cytogenetics 153

5.6 Genetic Resources and Utilisation 155

5.7 Genetic Improvement of Proso Millet: Achievements and Status 158

5.8 Breeding Objectives and Research Strategies 163

5.9 Future Prospects 166

References 166

6 Genetic Improvement in Little Millet 170
K.N. Ganapathy

6.1 Introduction 170

6.2 Floral Biology 171

6.3 Cytogenetics and Morphological Variation in the Genus 172

6.4 Improvement in Little Millet 173

6.5 Critical Research Gaps 181

6.6 Strategies for Genetic Improvement 181

References

182

7 Barnyard Millet: Present Status and Future Thrust Areas 184
Sunil Shriram Gomashe

7.1 Introduction 184

7.2 Nutritional Composition and Food Value 184

7.3 Origin and Taxonomy 185

7.4 Reproductive Biology 186 ...