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Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed more than 20
years ago to seal the pathways of communication of the root canal
system. It's currently the preferred material used by
endodontists because of its superior properties such as its seal
and biocompatibility that significantly improves outcomes of
endodontic treatments.
Dr. Torabinejad, who was the principle investigator of the dental
applications of MTA, and leading authorities on this subject
provide a clinically focused reference detailing the properties and
uses of MTA, including vital pulp therapy (pulp capping,
pulpotomy), apexification, pulp regeneration, repair of root
perforations, root end filling and root canal filling. Line
illustrations and clinical photographs show proper technique. An
accompanying website features photographs and video presentations
for selected procedures using MTA.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Properties and Clinical
Applications is an ideal book for dental students and
endodontic residents learning procedures for the first time as well
as practicing dentists and endodontists who would like to improve
outcomes of endodontic treatments.
Autorentext
Mahmoud Torabinejad, DMD, MSD, PhD, is Professor of Endodontics and Director of the Advanced Specialty Education Program in Endodontics at Loma Linda University School of Dentistry in Loma Linda, California. As a researcher and international lecturer on dental and endodontic issues and procedures, Dr. Torabinejad has made over 200 national and international presentations in more than 40 countries. In addition to co-authoring three textbooks in nonsurgical and surgical endodontics, he has authored more than 300 publications on various endodontic and dental topics. As a researcher, he is the top -cited author in endodontic journals, with authorship in 16 articles of the top 100 list. Dr. Torabinejad was the principle investigator in the applications of MTA in dental procedures.
Zusammenfassung
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was developed more than 20 years ago to seal the pathways of communication of the root canal system. It's currently the preferred material used by endodontists because of its superior properties such as its seal and biocompatibility that significantly improves outcomes of endodontic treatments.
Dr. Torabinejad, who was the principle investigator of the dental applications of MTA, and leading authorities on this subject provide a clinically focused reference detailing the properties and uses of MTA, including vital pulp therapy (pulp capping, pulpotomy), apexification, pulp regeneration, repair of root perforations, root end filling and root canal filling. Line illustrations and clinical photographs show proper technique. An accompanying website features photographs and video presentations for selected procedures using MTA.
Inhalt
Contributors xv
Preface xvii
1 Pulp and Periradicular Pathways, Pathosis, and Closure 1
Mahmoud Torabinejad
Pulp and Periradicular Pathways 2
Natural Pathways 2
Apical foramen 2
Lateral canals 4
Dentinal tubules 4
Pathological and Iatrogenic Pathways 5
Dental caries 5
Role of microorganisms 6
Root perforations 7
Root perforations during access preparation 7
Root perforations during cleaning and shaping 8
Root perforations during post space preparations 10
Vertical fracture 10
Periradicular Pathosis 11
Inflammatory process of periradicular lesions 11
Materials to Seal the Pathways to the Root Canal System and the Periodontium 13
References 15
2 Chemical Properties of MTA 17
David W. Berzins
Introduction 17
MTA Composition 19
Portland cement 19
Role of bismuth oxide and gypsum 20
MTA powder morphology 21
Trace elements and compounds 23
Setting Reactions 23
Setting time 26
Maturation 26
Factors that affect setting: additives and accelerants 26
Effect of water and moisture 27
Interaction with environment 27
Development of Reaction Zones 28
References 31
3 Physical Properties of MTA 37
Ricardo Caicedo and Lawrence Gettleman
Introduction 38
pH 38
Solubility 40
Setting Expansion 45
Radiopacity 46
Various Types of Strength 49
Compressive strength 49
Flexural strength 54
Shear strength 55
Push-out strength 56
Shear bond strength 56
Overview 57
Microhardness 59
Color and Aesthetics 61
Physicochemical Properties 62
Acknowledgment 66
References 66
4 MTA in Vital Pulp Therapy 71
Till Dammaschke, Joe H. Camp, and George Bogen
Introduction 72
Advantages 74
Pulp Responses to Capping Materials 74
Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide 75
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate 77
Physiochemical properties 77
Mode of action in pulp capping and pulpotomy 80
Comparison with calcium hydroxide 83
Pulpotomy in Primary Teeth 85
MTA Pulpotomy 86
Primary teeth 86
Immature permanent teeth 88
Symptomatic permanent teeth 90
Pulp Capping in Teeth Diagnosed with Reversible Pulpitis 94
Treatment Considerations 96
Disadvantages 98
Summary 99
Acknowledgment 99
References 100
5 Management of Teeth with Necrotic Pulps and Open Apices 111
Shahrokh Shabahang and David E. Witherspoon
Diagnosis in Immature Teeth 111
History of Treating Immature Teeth 114
Infection Control in Immature Teeth 116
Apexification 118
Calcium Hydroxide Apexification Therapy: Outcomes 119
Non-Vital Pulp Therapy 121
Root-end closure via the use of apical barriers 121
Mineral trioxide aggregate apical plug 122
Technical placement 124
Outcomes 124
References 131
6 Regenerative Endodontics (Revitalization/Revascularization) 141
Mahmoud Torabinejad, Robert P. Corr, and George T.-J. Huang
Introduction 142
Revascularization after Replantation and Autotransplantation 143
Revitalization of Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Animals 145
Clinical Evidence for Revitalization in Nonvital-Infected Teeth in Humans 152
Potential Role of Stem Cells in Canal Tissue Generation and Regeneration 160 Role of...