Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications

This book covers the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production as well as other industrial applications such as in biotechnology, paper and pulp, chemical and bioplastics.

Lignocellulosic materials such as agricultural residues (e.g., wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover), forest products (hardwood and softwood), and crops such as switchgrass and salix, are becoming a potent source for generating valuable products.

Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications describes the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for various applications. Although there have been numerous reports on lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel application, there have been very few other applications reported for lignocellulosic biomass-based biotechnology, chemicals and polymers. This book covers both application areas. Besides describing the various types of biofuel production, such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel and biogas from lignocellulosic biomass, it also presents various other lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery applications for the production of enzymes, chemicals, polymers, paper and bioplastics. In addition, there are chapters on valorization of lignocellulosic materials, alkali treatment to improve the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of lignocellulosic natural fibers, and a discussion of the major benefits, limitations and future prospects of the use of lignocellulosic biomass.

Autorentext

Arindam Kuila is Assistant Professor at the Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India. Previously, he worked as a research associate at Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre, Bangalore. He obtained his PhD in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India in 2013.

Vinay Sharma is Dean, Faculty of Science & Technology and Chair, Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology at Banasthali University, India. Earlier he served as Lecturer and then Reader during 1986 and 1996 at IIT Roorkee, India. He has more than 30 years of teaching and research experience and has published more than 250 research papers (including 31 as conference proceedings/ book chapters). His major areas of research interests are plant biotechnology and bioinformatics.

Inhalt

Preface xv

1 Valorization of Lignocellulosic Materials to Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) 1

Arpan Das

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Lignocellulose: An Abundant Carbon Source for PHA Production 5

1.3 Lignocellulosic Pretreatment Techniques 8

v

vi Contents

1.4 Hydrolysis of Lingocellulose 14

1.5 Lignocellulose Biomass as Substrate for PHA Production 16

1.6 Conclusion 19

References 19

2 Biological Gaseous Energy Recovery from Lignocellulosic Biomass 27

Shantonu Roy

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Simple Sugars as Feedstock 28

2.3 Complex Substrates as Feedstock 32

2.4 Biomass Feedstock 32

2.5 Waste as Feedstock 36

2.6 Industrial Wastewater 38

2.7 Conclusion 40

References 41

3 Alkali Treatment to Improve Physical, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Lignocellulosic Natural Fibers for Use in Various Applications 47

Suvendu Manna, Prosenjit Saha, Sukanya Chudhury and Sabu Thomas

3.1 Introduction 48

Contents vii

3.3 Application of the Alkali-Steam-Treated Fibers 55

3.4 Summary 59

References 60

4 Biodiesel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Oleaginous Microbes: A Review 65

S.P. Jeevan Kumar, Lohit K. Srinivas Gujjala, Archana Dash, Bitasta Talukdar and Rintu Banerjee

4.1 Introduction 66

4.2 Lignocellulosics Distribution, Availability and Diversity 67

4.3 Prospective Oleaginous Microbes for Lipid Production 70

LCB Utilization 73

Co-Utilization of Substrate 74

4.4 Technical Know-How for Biodiesel Production from LCBs 76

4.5 Fermentation 78

4.6 Transesterification for Biodiesel Production 80

viii Contents

4.7 Characteristics of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters 83

4.8 Conclusion 83

References 84

5 Biopulping of Lignocellulose 93

Arijit Jana, Debashish Ghosh, Diptarka Dasgupta, Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra and Keshab Chandra Mondal

5.1 Introduction 93

5.2 Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass 95

5.3 Pulping and its Various Processes 97

5.4 Biopulping Process Overview 98

5.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biopulping 104

5.6 Future Prospects 105

Acknowledgment 105

References 106

6 Second Generation Bioethanol Production from Residual Biomass of the Rice Processing Industry 111

Luciana Luft, Juliana R. F. da Silva, Raquel C. Kuhn and Marcio A. Mazutti

6.1 Introduction 112

6.2 Residual Biomass 112

6.3 Rice and Processing 113

6.4 Pretreatment Techniques 115

121

6.5 Hydrolysis 124

6.6 Fermentation 125

6.7 Bioethanol Production 127

6.8 Concluding Remarks 127

Acknowledgments 128

References 128

7 Microbial Enzymes and Lignocellulosic Fuel Production 135

Avanthi Althuri, Anjani Devi Chintagunta, Knawang Chhunji Sherpa, Rajiv Chandra Rajak, Debajyoti Kundu, Jagriti Singh, Akanksha Rastogi and Rintu Banerjee

7.1 Introduction 136

Biofuel Production 136

7.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass as Sustainable Alternative

for Fuel Production 137

7.2.1 Constituents of Lignocelluloses: Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Other Biomolecules 138

7.3 Enzymes and Their Sources for Biofuel Generation 139

7.4 Microbial Enzymes towards Lignocellulosic Biomass Degradation 142

x Contents

7.5 Applications in Biofuel Production 159

7.6 Conclusion 162

References 163

8 Sugarcane: A Potential Agricultural Crop for Bioeconomy through Biorefinery 171 *Knawang Chhunji Sherpa, Rajiv Chand...