Analysis of Engineering Structures and Material Behavior

Theoretical and experimental study of the mechanical behavior of structures under load

Analysis of Engineering Structures and Material Behavior is a textbook covering introductory and advanced topics in structural analysis. It begins with an introduction to the topic, before covering fundamental concepts of stress, strain and information about mechanical testing of materials. Material behaviors, yield criteria and loads imposed on the engineering elements are also discussed. The book then moves on to cover more advanced areas including relationships between stress and strain, rheological models, creep of metallic materials and fracture mechanics. Finally, the finite element method and its applications are considered.

Key features:

• Covers introductory and advanced topics in structural analysis, including load, stress, strain, creep, fatigue and finite element analysis of structural elements.

• Includes examples and considers mathematical formulations.

• A pedagogical approach to the topic.

Analysis of Engineering Structures and Material Behavior is suitable as a textbook for structural analysis and mechanics courses in structural, civil and mechanical engineering, as well as a valuable guide for practicing engineers.

Autorentext

Professor Josip Brnić, D. Sc., University of Rijeka - Faculty of Engineering, Croatia

Inhalt
Frequently Used Symbols and the Meaning of Symbols xv

Principal SI Units and the US Equivalents xxiii

SI Prefixes, Basic Units, Physical Constants, the Greek Alphabet xxv

Important Notice Before Reading the Book xxvii

Preface xxix

About the Author xxxi

Acknowledgements xxxiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 The Task of Design and Manufacture 1

1.2 Factors that Influence the Design of Engineering Structures 1

1.3 The Importance of Optimization in the Process of Design and the Selection of Structural Materials 3

1.4 Commonly Observed Failure Modes in Engineering Practice 4

1.5 Structures and the Analysis of Structures 5

References 5

2 Stress 7

2.1 Definition of Average Stress and Stress at a Point 7

2.2 Stress Components and Equilibrium Equations 8

2.2.1 Stress Components 8

2.2.2 Equilibrium Equations 9

2.3 Stress Tensor 10

2.3.1 Mean and Deviatoric Stress Tensors 10

2.4 States of Stress 12

2.4.1 Uniaxial State of Stress 12

2.4.2 Two-dimensional State of Stress 14

2.4.3 Three-dimensional State of Stress 18

2.4.3.1 Stress on an Arbitrary Plane 20

2.4.3.2 Stress on an Octahedral Plane 21

2.4.3.3 Principal Stresses and Stress Invariants 22

2.5 Transformation of Stress Components 24

References 28

3 Strain 29

3.1 Definition of Strain 29

3.1.1 Some Properties of Materials Associated with Strain 30

3.1.1.1 Poisson's Ratio 30

3.1.1.2 Volumetric Strain 30

3.1.1.3 Bulk Modulus 31

3.1.1.4 Modulus of Elasticity 32

3.1.1.5 Shear Modulus (Modulus of Rigidity) 32

3.2 StrainDisplacement Equations 33

3.3 Strain Tensors 35

3.3.1 Small Strain Tensor 35

3.3.2 Finite Strain Tensor 38

3.3.3 Mean and Deviatoric Strain Tensors 40

3.3.4 Principal Strains and Strain Invariants 41

3.3.4.1 Strain Tensor 41

3.3.4.2 Deviatoric Strain Tensor 42

3.4 Transformation of Strain Components 43

3.4.1 Mohr's Circle 44

3.5 Strain Measurement 44

References 48

4 Mechanical Testing of Materials 51

4.1 Material Properties 51

4.2 Types of Material Testing 52

4.3 Test Methods Related to Mechanical Properties 52

4.4 Testing Machines and Specimens 52

4.4.1 Static Tensile Testing Machine and Specimens 52

4.4.2 Impact Testing Machine and Specimens 54

4.4.3 Hardness Testing Machine 54

4.4.4 Fatigue Testing Machines 56

4.5 Test Results 56

4.5.1 Static Tensile Test Results 56

4.5.1.1 Engineering StressStrain Diagram 56

4.5.1.2 Creep Diagram/Curve 62

4.5.1.3 Relaxation Diagram/Curve 62

4.5.2 Dynamic Test Results 63

4.5.2.1 Tensile, Flexural and Torsional Test Results 63

4.5.2.2 Toughness Test Results 64

4.5.2.3 Fracture Toughness Test Results 64

References 64

5 Material Behavior and Yield Criteria 67

5.1 Elastic and Inelastic Responses of a Solid 67

5.2 Yield Criteria 67

5.2.1 Ductile Materials 71

5.2.1.1 Maximum Shear Stress Criterion (Tresca Criterion) 71

5.2.1.2 Distortional Energy Density Criterion (von Mises Criterion) 74

5.2.2 Brittle Materials 76

5.2.2.1 Maximum Normal Stress Criterion 76

5.2.2.2 Maximum Normal Strain Criterion 76

References 78

6 Loads Imposed on Engineering Elements 79

6.1 Axial Loading 79

6.1.1 Normal Stress 81

6.1.2 The Principal Stress 82

6.2 Torsion 85

6.2.1 Elastic Torsion Shear Stress and Strain Analysis 86

6.2.1.1 Prismatic Bars: Circular Cross-section 86 6.2.1.2 Prismatic Bars: Noncircular Cross-section 95</p...