The Development of Bioethics in the United States

In only four decades, bioethics has transformed from a fledgling field into a complex, rapidly expanding, multidisciplinary field of inquiry and practice. Its influence can be found not only in our intellectual and biomedical institutions, but also in almost every facet of our social, cultural, and political life. This volume maps the remarkable development of bioethics in American culture, uncovering the important historical factors that brought it into existence, analyzing its cultural, philosophical, and professional dimensions, and surveying its potential future trajectories. Bringing together a collection of original essays by seminal figures in the fields of medical ethics and bioethics, it addresses such questions as the following:

• Are there precise moments, events, socio-political conditions, legal cases, and/or works of scholarship to which we can trace the emergence of bioethics as a field of inquiry in the United States?

• What is the relationship between the historico-causal factors that gave birth to bioethics and the factors that sustain and encourage its continued development today?

• Is it possible and/or useful to view the history of bioethics in discrete periods with well-defined boundaries?

• If so, are there discernible forces that reveal why transitions occurred when they did? What are the key concepts that ultimately frame the field and how have they evolved and developed over time?

• Is the field of bioethics in a period of transformation into biopolitics?

Contributors include George Annas, Howard Brody, Eric J. Cassell, H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr., Edmund L. Erde, John Collins Harvey, Albert R. Jonsen, Loretta Kopelman, Laurence B. McCullough, Edmund D. Pellegrino, Warren T. Reich, Carson Strong, Robert M. Veatch, and Richard M. Zaner.

Inhalt

Introduction.-

1. Jeremy R. Garrett, Fabrice Jotterand, and D. Christopher Ralston The Development of Bioethics in the United States: An Introduction.-

Part I: The Birth of Bioethics: Historical Analysis.-

2. Eric J. Cassell The Beginnings of Bioethics.-

3. Howard Brody Teaching at the University of Texas Medical Branch, 1971-74: Humanities, Ethics, or Both?.-

4. John Collins Harvey André Hellegers, the Kennedy Institute, and the Development of Bioethics: The American-European Connection.-

5. H.T. Engelhardt, Jr. Bioethics as a Liberal Catholic Heresy: Critical Reflections on the Founding of Bioethics.-

Part II: The Nature of Bioethics: Cultural and Philosophical Analysis.-

6. Warren T. Reich A Corrective for Bioethical Malaise: Revisiting The Cultural Influences That Shaped the Identity of Bioethics.-

7. George J. Annas American Biopolitics.-

8. Carson Strong Medicine and Philosophy: The Coming Together of an Odd Couple.-

9. Loretta M. Kopelman The Growth of Bioethics as a Second-Order Discipline.-

Part III: The Practice of Bioethics: Professional Dimensions.-

10. Robert M. Veatch The Development of Bioethics: Bringing Physician Ethics into the Moral Consensus.-

11. Laurence B. McCullough Bioethics and Professional Medical Ethics: Mapping and Managing an Uneasy Relationship.-

12. Edmund L. Erde Professionalism vs. Medical Ethics in the Current Era: A Battle of Giants?.-

Part IV: The Future of Bioethics: Looking Ahead.-

13. Richard M. Zaner Themes and Schemes in the Development of Bioethics in the United States.-

14. Edmund D. Pellegrino Medical Ethics and Moral Philosophy in anEra of Bioethics.-

15. Albert R. Jonsen Prolegomenon to any Future Bioethics.