Molecular Medicine

Das vorliegende Buch stellt das erste Kurs-basierte Lehrbuch der Molekularen Medizin dar. In einem einheitlichen Konzept vermitteln fünfzehn Kapitel ein breites Spektrum an Themen, die von den Grundlagen der Immunologie bis zu krankheitsrelevanten Signalwegen reichen. Neue molekular basierte Entwicklungen werden dargestellt, die Disziplinen von der Onkologie über Virologie, Gentherapie, Stammzelltechnologie bis hin zu neuen Ansätzen der personalisierten Medizin umfassen. Die Inhalte werden durch zahlreiche professionelle Abbildungen verdeutlicht. Ein Ethikkapitel und zusätzliche Arbeitsmaterialien runden das Buch ab.

Autorentext
Jens Kurreck is full Professor for Applied Biochemistry at the Berlin University of Technology (TUB), Germany. He studied biochemistry and philosophy at the Free University of Berlin (FUB) and completed his PhD at the TUB in 1998. A postdoc at Arizona State University in Tempe, AZ, USA, was followed by an assistant professorship at the FUB. From 2007 to 2009 he was Professor of Nucleic Acid Technologies at the University of Stuttgart before attaining his current position in Berlin. In 2012 he was visiting professor at the Dongseo University in Busan, Korea. His research focuses on RNA technologies, pain research and virology. He has published more than 70 papers in peer-reviewed journals and edited the book "Therapeutic Oligonucleotides". In 2005 he received the Young Scientist Lectureship Award of the European Society for Neurochemistry and a prize for his excellent teaching.

Cy A. Stein is Professor of Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics at the City of Hope Medical Center in Duarte, CA, USA. He received a Ph.D. in chemistry from Stanford University and the M.D. degree at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, in 1982. After appointments as clinical associate and assistant professor at Columbia University, he became Professor of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York (2003-2012). At the same time, he was Attending Physician and Director of Medical Genitourinary Oncology at the Montefiore Medical Center. He has published more than 200 scientific papers and received numerous awards, among them the Clinical Career Development Award of the American Cancer Society in addition to a Faculty of 1000 Biologists Selection.

Zusammenfassung
Easy to read, yet comprehensive, this is the perfect introduction into the molecular basis of disease and the novel treatment options that have become available. The authors, Jens Kurreck and Cy Stein, have both long-standing teaching experience on the subject, one from a biologist's angle, the other with a medical background. Together, they have produced a modern textbook for courses in Molecular Medicine that incorporates modules from immunology to signaling, from virology to gene therapy, and the latest development in personalized medicine.

Inhalt

Preface xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 The Basics of Molecular Medicine 2

1.1.1 Topics of Molecular Medicine 2

1.1.2 Stages of Drug Development 3

1.2 The Human Cell 4

1.2.1 Organelles 4

1.2.1.1 The Nucleus 4

1.2.1.2 Mitochondria 6

1.2.1.3 Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus 7

1.2.1.4 Peroxisome and Lysosome 8

1.2.2 Cell Cycle 8

1.2.3 Apoptosis 9

1.3 DNA Replication and Gene Expression 10

1.3.1 DNA Replication 11

1.3.2 Mutations 13

1.3.3 Transcription 14

1.3.4 Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression 19

1.3.5 Translation 21

1.3.6 Protein Degradation 24

1.4 Biological Communication 25

1.4.1 Neurotransmitters 26

1.4.2 Hormones 27

1.4.3 Signal Transduction 28

1.5 The Immune System 30

1.5.1 The Innate Immune System 30

1.5.1.1 The Complement System 31

1.5.2 The Adaptive Immune System 33

1.5.2.1 Cellular Immunity 33

1.5.2.2 Humoral Immunity 34

References 36

2 Methods in Molecular Medicine 37

2.1 DNA Microarrays 38

2.2 Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction 40

2.3 Next-Generation Sequencing 45

2.4 Animal Models in Biomedical Research 51

2.5 Additional Methods 56

2.5.1 Fluorescence Microscopy 56

2.5.2 Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting 58

2.5.3 Surface Plasmon Resonance 59

References 59

3 Genetic Disorders 61

3.1 Single-Gene Disorders 62

3.1.1 Autosomal Dominant Disorders 64

3.1.1.1 Familial Hypercholesterolemia 65

3.1.1.2 Polycystic Kidney Disease 67

3.1.1.3 Marfan's Syndrome 67

3.1.1.4 Huntington's Disease 68

3.1.2 Autosomal Recessive Disorders 69

3.1.2.1 Cystic Fibrosis 70

3.1.2.2 TaySachs Disease 71

3.1.2.3 Phenylketonuria 72

3.1.2.4 Xeroderma Pigmentosum 73

3.1.3 X-Linked Recessive Disorders 74

3.1.3.1 Red-Green Color Blindness 75

3.1.3.2 Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy 75

3.1.4 Mitochondriopathies 77

3.2 Polygenic Disorders 80

3.2.1 Asthma 80

3.2.2 Diabetes Mellitus 81

References 83

4 Molecular Oncology 85

4.1 Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer and Its Clinical Implications 88

4.1.1 Intrinsic Subtypes of Breast Cancer 88

4.1.1.1 Luminal 88

4.1.1.2 Subclassification of TNBC 89

4.1.2 Molecular Profiling of Breast Cancer 89

4.1.3 Signaling Pathways 89

4.1.3.1 The Role of the Estrogen Pathway in Breast Cancer 90

4.1.3.2 Endocrine Therapy Resistance 90

4.1.3.3 The mTOR/PI3K Pathway and Endocrine Resistance 90

4.1.3.4 The CDK 4/6 Pathway 90

4.1.3.5 HER2 Pathway and HER2 Targeted Therapy 91

4.1.4 Angiogenesis Pathway 92

4.1.4.1 PARP Inhibitors 92

4.1.5 Other Biological Therapies/Approaches 93

4.2 Lung Cancer 93

4.2.1 Genetic Alterations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 93

4.2.1.1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 93

4.2.1.2 Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase 94

4.2.1.3 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) 94

4.2.1.4 The Proto-Oncogene ROS 1 95

4.2.1.5 The Proto-Oncogene BRAF 95

4.2.1.6 The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) 95

4.2.1.7 The RET Proto-Oncogene 95

4.2.1.8 The MET Proto-Oncogene 95

4.2.1.9 Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) 95

4.2.1.10 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition 96

4.3 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 96

4.3.1 Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma 96

4.3.2 Molecular Biology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 97

4.3.3 Development of Sorafenib for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 97 4....