Induced Resistance for Plant Defense

Induced resistance offers the prospect of broad spectrum, long-lasting and potentially environmentally-benign disease and pest control in plants. Induced Resistance for Plant Defense 2e provides a comprehensive account of the subject, encompassing the underlying science and methodology, as well as research on application of the phenomenon in practice. The second edition of this important book includes updated coverage of cellular aspects of induced resistance, including signalling and defenses, costs and trade-offs associated with the expression of induced resistance, research aimed at integrating induced resistance into crop protection practice, and induced resistance from a commercial perspective. Current thinking on how beneficial microbes induce resistance in plants has been included in the second edition. The 14 chapters in this book have been written by internationally-respected researchers and edited by three editors with considerable experience of working on induced resistance. Like its predecessor, the second edition of Induced Resistance for Plant Defense will be of great interest to plant pathologists, plant cell and molecular biologists, agricultural scientists, crop protection specialists, and personnel in the agrochemical industry. All libraries in universities and research establishments where biological, agricultural, horticultural and forest sciences are studied and taught should have copies of this book on their shelves.

Autorentext

Dale Walters is based at the Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK, where he is Professor of Plant Pathology.

Adrian Newton is based at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK, and is also Visiting Professor of Cereal Pathology at SRUC (Scotland's Rural College, UK).

Until recently, Gary Lyon was based at the James Hutton Institute in Dundee, UK.

Inhalt

Contributors xiii

Preface to Second Edition xvii

Preface to First Edition xix

**1 Introduction: Definitions and Some History 1
**Ray Hammerschmidt

1.1 Induced Resistance: An Established Phenomenon 1

1.2 Terminology and Types of Induced Resistance 2

1.2.1 Local and systemic induction of resistance 2

1.2.2 Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) 2

1.2.3 Protection 3

1.2.4 Cross protection 3

1.2.5 Priming 4

1.3 A Little History 4

1.3.1 Early reports 4

1.3.2 Developments leading towards today's state of knowledge 5

1.4 It's All About Interactions 7

1.5 Acknowledgements 8

References 8

**2 Agents That Can Elicit Induced Resistance 11
**Gary D. Lyon

2.1 Introduction 11

2.2 Compounds Inducing Resistance 12

2.2.1 Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) 12

2.2.2 Adipic acid 12

2.2.3 Algal extracts 12

2.2.4 Alkamides 12

2.2.5 Allose 13

2.2.6 Antibiotics 13

2.2.7 Azelaic acid 13

2.2.8 DL-3-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) 13

2.2.9 Benzothiadiazole (BTH) and other synthetic resistance inducers 14

2.2.10 Bestcure® 15

2.2.11 Brassinolide 15

2.2.12 -1,4 Cellodextrins 15

2.2.13 Chitin 15

2.2.14 Chitosan 16

2.2.15 Cholic acid 16

2.2.16 Curdlan sulfate 17

2.2.17 Dehydroabietinal 17

2.2.18 3,5-Dichloroanthranilic acid (DCA) 17

2.2.19 Dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) 17

2.2.20 Dimethyl disulfide 17

2.2.21 Dufulin 17

2.2.22 Ergosterol 17

2.2.23 Ethylene 17

2.2.24 Fatty acids and lipids 18

2.2.25 2-(2-Fluoro-6-nitrobenzylsulfanyl)pyridine-4-carbothioamide 18

2.2.26 Fructooligosaccharide 18

2.2.27 Fungicides 18

2.2.28 Galactinol 19

2.2.29 Grape marc 19

2.2.30 Glucans 19

2.2.31 Harpin 20

2.2.32 Hexanoic acid 20

2.2.33 Imprimatin 20

2.2.34 INF1 elicitin 21

2.2.35 Jasmonates and related compounds 21

2.2.36 Cis-jasmone 21

2.2.37 Laminarin 21

2.2.38 Lipids/fatty acids 21

2.2.39 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 22

2.2.40 Nitric oxide 22

2.2.41 Oligo-carrageenans 22

2.2.42 Oligogalacturonides (OGAs) 22

2.2.43 Oligoglucuronans 23

2.2.44 Oxalate 23

2.2.45 Phosphite 23

2.2.46 Phytogard® 23

2.2.47 Pipecolic acid 23

2.2.48 Plant extracts 23

2.2.49 Probenazole (PBZ) 24

2.2.50 Proteins and peptides 24

2.2.51 Psicose 26

2.2.52 Rhamnolipids 26

2.2.53 Saccharin 26

2.2.54 Salicylic acid 26

2.2.55 Silicon 27

2.2.56 Spermine 27

2.2.57 Sphingolipids 27

2.2.58 Sulfated fucan oligosaccharides 27

2.2.59 Tiadinil 27

2.2.60 Vitamins 27

2.2.61 Volatile organic compounds 28

2.3 Redox Regulation 28

2.3.1 Factors affecting efficacy 29

2.4 Elicitor Combinations and Synergism 29

2.5 Assays 30

2.6 Conclusions 30

References 31

**3 Transcriptome Analysis of Induced Resistance 41
**Brendan Kidd, Kemal Kazan and Peer M. Schenk

3.1 Introduction 41

3.2 The Impact of Arabidopsis thaliana on Induced Resistance 42

3.3 Techniques Used for Studying Gene Expression 42

3.3.1 EST sequencing 42

3.3.2 Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) 42

3.3.3 cDNA microarrays and DNA chips 43

3.3.4 Novel insights into induced resistance revealed through microarray analysis 45

3.3.5 Systems biology and network approaches using microarrays 48 3.3.6 Next...