Hydrocarbon Chemistry

This book provides an unparalleled contemporary assessment of hydrocarbon chemistry presenting basic concepts, current research, and future applications. Comprehensive and updated review and discussion of the field of hydrocarbon chemistry Includes literature coverage since the publication of the previous edition Expands or adds coverage of: carboxylation, sustainable hydrocarbons, extraterrestrial hydrocarbons Addresses a topic of special relevance in contemporary science, since hydrocarbons play a role as a possible replacement for coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas as well as their environmentally safe use Reviews of prior edition: ...literature coverage is comprehensive and ideal for quickly reviewing specific topics...of most value to industrial chemists... (Angewandte Chemie) and ...useful for chemical engineers as well as engineers in the chemical and petrochemical industries. (Petroleum Science and Technology)

Autorentext

GEORGE A. OLAH, PhD, was awarded the undivided 1994 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Chair in Organic Chemistry; and Founding Director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. He passed away on March 8, 2017. ÁRPÁD MOLNÁR, DSc, is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Szeged, Hungary, and a Senior Fellow of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at the University of Southern California. G. K. SURYA PRAKASH, PhD, is the George A. and Judith A. Olah Nobel Laureate Chair Professor and the Director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute at the University of Southern California.

Klappentext
Reviews of the 2nd Edition: "...literature coverage is comprehensive and ideal for quickly reviewing specific topics... of most value to industrial chemists..." Angewandte Chemie International Edition "...industrial chemists, college and university teachers, and students will find the book very useful and a valuable addition to their bookshelves...useful for chemical engineers as well as engineers in the chemical and petrochemical industries." Petroleum Science and Technology "...valuable to a wide range of readers...." Energy Sources "...useful to anyone needing information about the important field of hydrocarbons, and the updates in this edition's references are especially valuable...highly recommended." Choice "...will be a continuing first-source of vital information for this core component of contemporary organic chemistry." Journal of the American Chemical Society Building on the legacy of its successful predecessor, this revision of Hydrocarbon Chemistry begins by discussing the general aspects of hydrocarbons, the separation of hydrocarbons from natural sources, and the synthesis from C1 precursors with recent developments for possible future applications. Each successive chapter deals with a specific type of hydrocarbon transformation. Since the publication of the 2nd edition, the field of hydrocarbon chemistry has rapidly grown and expanded both in its scientific scope and significances and provides the most promising approach to replace oil and, eventually, all fossil fuel. It is also able to render the use of still existing substantial fossil fuels environmentally adaptable by capturing and recycling CO2 and recycling it through material to new fuels and chemical raw material developments that lead to this third edition.

Inhalt
Volume 1

Preface to the Third Edition xiii

Preface to the Second Edition xv

Preface to the First Edition xvii

Introduction xix

Introduction and General Aspects 1

1.1 Hydrocarbons and Their Classes 1

1.2 EnergyHydrocarbon Relationships 2

1.3 Hydrocarbon Sources 4

Extraterrestrial Hydrocarbons 15

1.4 Hydrocarbon Production from Natural Sources 16

1.5 Hydrocarbon Synthesis 20

1.6 Nonrenewable and Renewable Hydrocarbons 27

1.7 Regenerative Hydrocarbons from CO2 Emission Capture and Recycling 29

1.8 Hydrocarbon Functionalization Reactions 30

1.9 Use of Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Oil 35

1.9.1 Energy Generation, Storage, and Delivery: Heating 36

1.9.2 Transportation Fuels 36

1.9.3 Chemical Products, Plastics, and Pharmaceuticals 38

References 38

Hydrocarbons from Petroleum and Natural Gas 49

2.1 Cracking 49

2.2 Reforming 62

Hydroforming 64

Metal-Catalyzed Reforming 65

2.3 Dehydrogenation with Olefin Production 71

Heterogeneous Catalysts 73

Homogeneous Catalysts 78

C2C3 Alkenes 85

C4 Alkenes 86

Buta-1,3-diene and Isoprene 87

Higher Olefins 88

Styrene 88

2.4 Upgrading of Natural-Gas Liquids 89

2.5 Aromatics Production 89

References 102

Synthesis from C Sources 125

3.1 Aspects of C1 Chemistry 126

3.2 Chemical Reduction to Methanol and Oxygenates; Recycling of CO2 127

Heterogeneous Hydrogenation 129

Homogeneous Hydrogenation 137

Ionic Reduction 143

Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reduction 143

Photoreduction 146

Enzymatic Reduction 148

3.3 FischerTropsch Chemistry 149

3.4 Oxygenation of Methane 166

Methanol Synthesis 166

3.5 Oligocondensation of Methane 173

3.6 Hydrocarbons from Methane Derivatives 186

Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons 186

Methanol to Hydrocarbon Technologies 196

Methanol to Gasoline 196

Methanol to Olefin 197

Methanol to Propylene 198

References 200

Isomerization 237

4.1 Acid-Catalyzed and Bifunctional Isomerization 238

Mechanism 243

Side-Chain Isomerization 250

Positional Isomerization 250

4.2 Base-Catalyzed Isomerization 262

4.2.1 Alkenes 262

4.3 Metal-Catalyzed Isomerization 266

4.4 Pericyclic Rearrangements 277

4.5 Practical Applications 284

Alkanes 284

Alkenes 285

4.5.2 Isomerization of Xylenes 286

References 287

Alkylations 305

5.1 Acid-Catalyzed Alkylation 305

Alkylolysis (Alkylative Cleavage) 317

Alkylation of Alkenes with Organic Halides 318

Alkylation of Alkynes 320

Alkylation with Carbonyl Compounds: The Prins Reaction 320

Catalysts 324

Alkylation with Alkyl Halides 326

Alkylation with Alkenes 331

Alkylation with Alkanes 335

Alkylation with Other Reagents 338

5.2 Base-Catalyzed Alkylation 350

5.3 Alkylation through Organometallics 352

5.4 Miscellaneous Alkylations 356

5.5 Practical Applications 360

References 369

Addition Reactions 389

6.1 Hydration 389

Production of Alcohols by Hydration of Alkenes 395

Production of Octane-Enhancing Oxygenates 396

Acetaldehyde 397

6.2 HX Addition 398

Alkenes 398

Dienes 403

Alkynes 404

Ethyl Chloride 411

Hydrochlorination of Buta-1,3-diene 411

Vinyl Chloride 411 Ethylene Chlorohydr...