King's Applied Anatomy of the Central Nervous System of Domestic Mammals

An update of a classic student text unlocking the mystery of veterinary neurology and neuroanatomy King's Applied Anatomy of the Central Nervous System of Domestic Mammals, Second Edition is an ideal introduction for those with no prior knowledge of the central nervous system. Presented in a logical and accessible manner, readers can quickly comprehend the essential principles of how the central nervous system is constructed, the way it works and how to recognise damaged components. By blending descriptive anatomy with clinical neurology, the text offers a unique approach - explaining the structure and function of the central nervous system while highlighting the relevance to clinical practice. Revised and updated to cover the latest clinical developments, this second edition includes additional content on electrodiagnostic methods, stem cell transplantation and advanced imaging. The book also comes with a companion website featuring self-assessment questions, label the diagram exercises, and downloadable figures to aid further learning. An excellent introductory text for veterinary students, King's Applied Anatomy of the Central Nervous System of Domestic Mammals, Second Edition is also an invaluable reference for trainee veterinary neurology specialists as well as veterinary practitioners with a particular interest in neurology.

Autorentext

GEOFF SKERRITT is an RCVS and European Specialist in Veterinary Neurology, and a Diplomate and former President of the European College of Veterinary Neurology. In 1997 Geoff was one of the founders of VetMRI, the first mobile veterinary MRI facility in Europe. He is the founder and former Director of ChesterGates Animal Referral Hospital, a leading multi-discipline veterinary referral centre in the UK. He began his career as a Lecturer in veterinary anatomy at the University of Liverpool, UK. Enthusiasm for neuroanatomy led to a developing interest in veterinary neurology and the establishment of neurology in the curriculum and clinics at the University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science. Geoff is a popular speaker at meetings and congresses and has published widely in the subjects of veterinary neuroanatomy and neurology.

Inhalt
Foreword xvii

Preface xix

Acknowledgement xxi

About the Contributors xxiii

About the Companion Website xxv

1 Arterial Supply to the Central Nervous System 1

Arterial Supply to the Brain 1

1.1 Basic Pattern of the Main Arteries Supplying the Brain 1

1.2 Basic Pattern of Incoming Branches to the Cerebral Arterial Circle 1

1.3 Species Variations 2

1.4 Summary of the Significance of the Vertebral Artery as a Source of Blood to the Brain 5

1.5 Humane Slaughter 6

1.6 Rete Mirabile 7

Superficial Arteries of the Spinal Cord 8

1.7 Main Trunks 8

1.8 Anastomosing Arteries 8

1.9 Segmental Arteries to the Spinal Cord 10

1.10 General Principles Governing the Distribution of Arteries below the Surface of the Neuraxis 10

1.11 The Deep Arteries of the Spinal Cord 10

1.12 The Problem of Pulsation 11

1.13 Arterial Anastomoses of the Neuraxis 11

2 The Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid 13

Meninges 13

2.1 General Anatomy of the Cranial and Spinal Meninges 13

2.2 Anatomy of the Meninges at the Roots of Spinal and Cranial Nerves 14

2.3 The Spaces around the Meninges 14

2.4 Relationship of Blood Vessels to the Meninges 16

2.5 The Filum Terminale 16

2.6 The Falx Cerebri and Membranous Tentorium Cerebelli 16

Cerebrospinal Fluid 16

2.7 Formation of Cerebrospinal Fluid 16

2.8 The Choroid Plexuses 16

2.9 Mechanism of Formation of Cerebrospinal Fluid 17

2.10 Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid 17

2.11 Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid 19

2.12 Functions of Cerebrospinal Fluid 20

2.13 Bloodbrain Barrier 21

2.14 Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid 22

2.15 Clinical Conditions of the Cerebrospinal Fluid System 23

3 Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord and Brain 25

The Cranial System of Venous Sinuses 25

3.1 General Plan 25

3.2 The Components of the Dorsal System of Sinuses 27

3.3 The Components of the Ventral System of Sinuses 28

3.4 Drainage of the Cranial Sinuses into the Systemic Circulation 28

The Spinal System of Venous Sinuses 29

3.5 General Plan 29

3.6 Connections to the Cranial System of Sinuses 29

3.7 Territory Drained by the Spinal System of Sinuses 29

3.8 Drainage of the Spinal Sinuses into the Systemic Circulation 29

Clinical Significance of the Venous Drainage of the Neuraxis 30

3.9 Spread of Infection in the Head 30

3.10 Paradoxical Embolism 30

3.11 Venous Obstruction 30

3.12 Angiography for Diagnosis 31

4 The Applied Anatomy of the Vertebral Canal 33

The Anatomy of Epidural Anaesthesia and Lumbar Puncture 33

4.1 The Vertebrae 33

4.2 Spinal Cord 33

4.3 Meninges 35

4.4 Lumbar Puncture 35

4.5 Epidural Anaesthesia in the Ox 35

4.6 Injuries to the Root of the Tail 36

The Anatomy of the Intervertebral Disc 36

4.7 The Components of the Disc 36

4.8 Senile Changes 38

4.9 Disc Protrusion 38

4.10 Fibrocartilaginous Embolism 41

Malformation or Malarticulation of Vertebrae 41

4.11 The 'Wobbler Syndrome' in the Dog 41

4.12 The Wobbler Syndrome in the Horse 41

4.13 AtlantoAxial Subluxation in Dogs 42

4.14 Anomalous AtlantoOccipital Region in Arab Horses 42

4.15 Other Vertebral Abnormalities in Dogs 42

5 The Neuron 43

The Anatomy of Neurons 43

5.1 General Structure 43

5.2 The Axon 46

5.3 Epineurium, Perineurium and Endoneurium 50

5.4 The Synapse 51

5.5 Phylogenetically Primitive and Advanced Neurons 54

5.6 Axonal Degeneration and Regeneration in Peripheral Nerves 55 5.7 Regeneration and Plasticity in the Neuraxis 58...