Fungi

This newly updated edition covers a wide range of topics relevant to fungal biology, appealing to academia and industry

Fungi are extremely important microorganisms in relation to human and animal wellbeing, the environment, and in industry. The latest edition of the highly successful Fungi: Biology and Applications teaches the basic information required to understand the place of fungi in the world while adding three new chapters that take the study of fungi to the next level. Due to the number of recent developments in fungal biology, expert author Kevin Kavanagh found it necessary to not only update the book as a whole, but to also provide new chapters covering Fungi as Food, Fungi and the Immune Response, and Fungi in the Environment.

Proteomics and genomics are revolutionizing our understanding of fungi and their interaction with the environment and/or the host. Antifungal drug resistance is emerging as a major problem in the treatment of fungal infections. New fungal pathogens of plants are emerging as problems in temperate parts of the world due to the effect of climate change. Fungi: Biology and Applications, Third Edition offers in-depth chapter coverage of these new developments and more--ultimately exposing readers to a wider range of topics than any other existing book on the subject.

• Includes three new chapters, which widen the scope of fungi biology for readers

• Takes account of recent developments in a wide range of areas including proteomics and genomics, antifungal drug resistance, medical mycology, physiology, genetics, and plant pathology

• Provides extra reading at the end of each chapter to facilitate the learning process

Fungi: Biology and Applications is designed for undergraduate students, researchers, and those working with fungi for the first time (postgraduates, industrial scientists).

Autorentext

About the Editor

KEVIN KAVANAGH is Professor of Microbiology in the Department of Biology at Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.

Inhalt

List of Contributors ix

Preface xi

**1 Introduction to Fungal Physiology 1
**Graeme M. Walker and Nia A. White

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Morphology of Yeasts and Fungi 2

1.3 Ultrastructure and Function of Fungal Cells 5

1.4 Fungal Nutrition and Cellular Biosyntheses 11

1.5 Fungal Metabolism 22

1.6 Fungal Growth and Reproduction 26

1.7 Conclusion 34

Further Reading 34

**2 Fungal Genetics 37
**Malcolm Whiteway and Catherine Bachewich

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 Fungal Lifecycles 39

2.3 Sexual Analysis: Regulation of Mating 46

2.4 Unique Characteristics of Filamentous Fungi that are Advantageous for Genetic Analysis 51

2.5 Genetics as a Tool 52

2.6 Conclusion 64

Acknowledgment 65

Further Reading 65

**3 Fungal Genomics 67
**David Fitzpatrick

3.1 Introduction 67

3.2 Genome Sequencing 70

3.3 Bioinformatics Tools 75

3.4 Comparative Genomics 80

3.5 Genomics and the Fungal Tree of Life 84

3.6 Online Fungal Genomic Resources 86

3.7 Conclusion 88

Further Reading 88

**4 Fungal Genetics: A PostGenomic Perspective 91
**Brendan Curran and Virginia Bugeja

4.1 Introduction 91

4.2 The Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Cornerstone of PostGenomic Research 91

4.3 Of omics and Systems Biology 92

4.4 Genomics 92

4.5 Transcriptomics and Proteomics 102

4.6 Systems Biology 115

4.7 Conclusion 117

Further Reading 117

**5 Fungal Proteomics 119
**Sean Doyle and Rebecca A. Owens

5.1 Introduction 119

5.2 Protein Isolation and Purification 121

5.3 Electrophoretic Techniques 126

5.4 Protein Mass Spectrometry 129

5.5 Fungal Proteomics 138

5.6 LabelFree Quantitative Proteomic Applications 143

5.7 Specialized Proteomics Applications in Fungal Research 144

5.8 Conclusion 145

Acknowledgments 145

Further Reading 145

**6 Fungi as Food 147
**Johan Baars

6.1 Introduction 147

6.2 The Main Cultivated Mushroom Species 149

6.3 The Main Species of Mushroom Collected in Nature 155

6.4 Nutritional Value of Mushrooms 159

6.5 Potential Medicinal Properties of Mushrooms 165

6.6 Conclusion 166

Further Reading 167

Useful Websites 168

**7 Pharmaceutical and Chemical Commodities from Fungi 169
**Karina A. Horgan and Richard A. Murphy

7.1 Introduction 169

7.2 Fungal Metabolism 169

7.3 Antibiotic Production 172

7.4 Pharmacologically Active Compounds 178

7.5 Chemical Commodities 184

7.6 Yeast Extracts 194

7.7 Enriched Yeast 196

7.8 Conclusion 198

Further Reading 198

**8 Biotechnological Use of Fungal Enzymes 201
**Shauna M. McKelvey and Richard A. Murphy

8.1 Introduction 201

8.2 Enzymes in Industry 202

8.3 Current Enzyme Applications 202

8.4 Enzymes and Sustainability 208

8.5 Future Direction of Industrial Enzymes 208

8.6 Applications of Specific Fungal Enzymes 208

8.7 Enzyme Production Strategies 223

8.8 Conclusion 224

Further Reading 225

**9 Biotechnological Exploitation of Heterologous Protein Production in Fungi 227
**Brendan Curran and Virginia Bugeja

9.1 Introduction 227

9.2 Heterologous Protein Expression in Fungi 228 9.3 Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Heterologous Protein Production...