Functional Organic and Hybrid Nanostructured Materials

The first book to explore the potential of tunable functionalities in organic and hybrid nanostructured materials in a unified manner. The highly experienced editor and a team of leading experts review the promising and enabling aspects of this exciting materials class, covering the design, synthesis and/or fabrication, properties and applications. The broad topical scope includes organic polymers, liquid crystals, gels, stimuli-responsive surfaces, hybrid membranes, metallic, semiconducting and carbon nanomaterials, thermoelectric materials, metal-organic frameworks, luminescent and photochromic materials, and chiral and self-healing materials. For materials scientists, nanotechnologists as well as organic, inorganic, solid state and polymer chemists.

Autorentext
Quan Li is Director of Organic Synthesis and Advanced Materials Laboratory at Liquid Crystal Institute of Kent State University, where he is also Adjunct Professor in the Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program. He, as a Principal Investigator and Project Director, has directed the cutting edge research projects funded by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Research Office, U.S. Department of Defense Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative, U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, Ohio Board of Regents under Its Research Challenge Program, Ohio Third Frontier, Samsung Electronics, etc. He received his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Shanghai, where he was promoted to the youngest Full Professor of Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry in February of 1998. He was a recipient of CAS One-Hundred Talents Award (BeiRenJiHua) in 1999. He was Alexander von Humboldt Fellow in Germany. He has won Kent State University Outstanding Research and Scholarship Award. He has also been honored as Guest Professor and Chair Professor by several Universities.

Inhalt

Preface xiii

**1 Controllable Self-Assembly of One-Dimensional Nanocrystals 1
**Shaoyi Zhang, Yang Yang, and Zhihong Nie

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Assembly Strategies 2

1.2.1 Templated Assembly 2

1.2.1.1 Geometrically Patterned Template 2

1.2.1.2 Chemically Patterned Template 4

1.2.2 Field-Driven Assembly 7

1.2.2.1 Assembly under Electric Field 7

1.2.2.2 Magnetic Field 10

1.2.2.3 Flow Field 12

1.2.3 Assembly at Interfaces and Surface 13

1.2.3.1 LiquidLiquid Interface 14

1.2.3.2 LiquidAir Interface 15

1.2.3.3 Evaporation-Mediated Assembly on Solid Surface 17

1.2.4 Ligand-Guided Assembly 19

1.2.4.1 Small Molecules 19

1.2.4.2 Polymeric Species 21

1.2.4.3 Biomolecular Ligand 23

1.3 Properties and Applications 25

1.4 Perspectives and Challenges 28

References 29

**2 Self-Assembled Graphene Nanostructures and Their Applications 39
**Dingshan Yu, Zhongke Yuan, Xiaofen Xiao, and Quan Li

2.1 Introduction 39

2.2 State-of-the-Art Self-Assembly Strategies of Graphene Nanostructures 40

2.2.1 LangmuirBlodgett (LB) Method 40

2.2.2 Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Assembly Method 42

2.2.3 Flow-, Evaporation-, and Interface-Induced Self-Assembly 43

2.2.4 Template-Directed Self-Assembly and Hydrothermal Processes 45

2.2.5 Spin- and Space-Confinement Self-Assembly 46

2.2.6 Composites with Carbon Nanomaterials 49

2.2.7 Composites with Polymers 51

2.2.8 Composites with Metal or Metal Compounds 53

2.3 Applications of Self-Assembled Graphene Nanostructures 57

2.3.1 Optoelectronics and Photocatalysis 57

2.3.2 Electrochemical Energy Storage 59

2.3.3 Electrocatalysis 60

2.4 Outlook 61

References 62

3 Photochromic Organic and Hybrid Self-Organized Nanostructured Materials: From Design to **Applications 75
**Ling Wang and Quan Li

3.1 Introduction 75

3.2 Photochromic Organic and Hybrid Nanoparticles 76

3.2.1 Noble Metal Nanoparticles with Photochromic Molecules 77

3.2.2 Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Photochromic Molecules 81

3.2.3 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Photochromic Molecules 83

3.3 Photochromic Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 87

3.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes with Photochromic Molecules 87

3.3.2 Graphene Derivatives with Photochromic Molecules 90

3.4 Photochromic Chiral Liquid-Crystalline Nanostructured Materials 91

3.4.1 Cholesteric Liquid-Crystalline Superstructures 93

3.4.2 Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phase Superstructures 97

3.4.3 Liquid-Crystalline Microshells and Microdroplets 98

3.5 Summary and Perspective 100

Acknowledgments 101

References 101

**4 Photoresponsive HostGuest Nanostructured Supramolecular Systems 113
**Da-Hui Qu,Wen-ZhiWang, and He Tian

4.1 Introduction 113

4.2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers andTheir Assemblies 114

4.2.1 Supramolecular Interactions in the Main Chain 115

4.2.2 Supramolecular Interactions in the Side Chain 133

4.2.3 Supramolecular Complexations as Cross-Linkers between Branched Polymer Chains 139

4.2.4 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Micelles, Vesicles, and Other Assemblies 140

4.3 Photoresponsive HostGuest Systems Immobilized on Surfaces 148

4.4 Conclusions and Prospects 157

Acknowledgments 157

Abbreviations 157

References 158

5 -Electronic Ion-Pairing Assemblies Providing Nanostructured Materials 165
**Yohei Haketa and Hiromitsu Maeda

5.1 Introduction 165

5.2 Nanostructures Based on Self-Assembling -Electronic Charged Species 167

5.2.1 Formation of Nanofibers 167 5.2.2 Formation of Nanotubes and Others 172...