Frontiers of Textile Materials

The book "Frontiers and Textile Materials will deal with the important materials that can be utilized for value-addition and functionalization of textile materials. The topics covered in this book includes the materials like enzymes, polymers, etc. that are utilized for conventional textile processing and the advanced materials like nanoparticles which are expected to change the horizons of textiles. The futuristic techniques for textile processing like plasma are also discussed.

Autorentext

Mohd Shabbir obtained his PhD in the field of natural dyes application on textiles from Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India in 2017. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Sanskriti University, Mathura, India where his main research focus is in natural dyes, nanomaterials for textiles, smart textiles, textiles chemistry and bio-synthesis of functional compounds for textiles. Shakeel Ahmed is an Assistant Professor in Chemistry at the Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He obtained his PhD in the area of biopolymers and bionanocomposites from Jamia Millia Islamia in 2016 and has published several research publications in the area of green nanomaterials and biopolymers for various applications including biomedical, packaging, sensors, and water treatment. He has 15 books to his credit by international publishers. His work has been cited more than 2000 times and with h-index of 16. Javed Sheikh is an Assistant Professor in the Dept. of Textile and Fibre Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. His research group is mainly working on the interface of materials science and textile technology which includes functional textiles, sustainable textile chemical processing, natural dyeing and biopolymers for textile processing. He has co-authored more than 50 research papers in highly reputed journals and presented more than 30 research presentations and invited talks in various national and international conferences.

Klappentext
This novel book deals with smart materials and state-of-the-art technologies that can be utilized for the value-addition, advancement, and functionalization of textile materials. Advancing conventional techniques with green and sustainable products that replace the harmful compounds in textile processing and the quest for advanced materials for functionalization of textiles are currently very much underway. The book Frontiers of Textile Materials: Polymers, Nanomaterials, Enzymes, and Advanced Modification Techniques cover various research areas dealing with modification of textile materials, manufacturing and finishing. The first few chapters explore polymers and polymer coatings, enzymes and nanomaterials for the textile industry, fabrication and characterization, as well as application of textiles and functionalities achieved on them. Two of the chapters focus on flexible electronics dealing with the incorporation of nanogenerators and solar cells into the matrix of textiles to design wearables. Further chapters discuss advanced dyeing and dyeing materials (biomordants, plasma and irradiation technologies) for sustainable and eco-friendly coloration. Audience
Researchers, engineers in the textile industry, textile chemistry and dyeing, chemical engineering, environmental science, and materials science as well as graduate and postgraduate students, will find this book invaluable.

Inhalt
Preface xv

**1 Introduction to Textiles and Finishing Materials 1
**Mohd Shabbir and Javed N. Sheikh

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Polymers 2

1.3 Nanomaterials 3

1.4 Enzymes 4

1.5 Plasma and Radiations for Textiles 6

1.6 Flexible Electronics 7

References 8

**2 Polymers for Textile Production 13
**Mohammad Tajul Islam, Md. Mostafizur Rahman and Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder

2.1 Polymers 13

2.2 History of Polymer 15

2.3 Classification of Polymers 16

2.4 Polymerization 19

2.4.1 Chain Polymerization 19

2.4.2 Step Polymerization 21

2.5 Polymers in Textile Fibers 23

2.5.1 Natural Polymers 24

2.5.1.1 Cellulose 24

2.5.1.2 Cotton 25

2.5.1.3 Jute 26

2.5.1.4 Keratin 26

2.5.1.5 Wool 27

2.5.1.6 Fibroin 28

2.5.1.7 Silk 28

2.5.2 Synthetic Polymers 29

2.5.2.1 Polyethylene 29

2.5.2.2 Polypropylene 33

2.5.2.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene 36

2.5.2.4 Poly Vinyl Chloride 38

2.5.2.5 Poly Vinylidene Chloride 40

2.5.2.6 Polyamide 41

2.5.2.7 Polyethylene Terephthalate 47

2.5.2.8 Polyacrylonitrile 50

2.5.2.9 Modacrylic Fiber 52

2.5.2.10 Spandex Fiber 52

2.6 Polymers in Textile Processing 54

2.6.1 Polyvinyl Alcohol 54

2.6.2 Starch 56

2.6.3 Sodium Alginate 56

2.7 Conclusion 57

References 57

**3 Advances in Polymer Coating for Functional Finishing of Textiles 61
**Asma Bouasria, Ayoub Nadi, Aicha Boukhriss, Hassan Hannache, Omar Cherkaoui and Said Gmouh

3.1 Introduction 62

3.2 Polymer Coating Methods 63

3.2.1 Dip Coating 63

3.2.2 Transfer Coating 64

3.2.3 Kiss Roll Coating 64

3.2.4 Gravure Roll Coating 64

3.2.5 Slot Die or Extrusion Coating 65

3.2.6 Powder Coating 65

3.2.7 Knife Coating 66

3.2.7.1 Choice of the Thickness 67

3.2.7.2 The Viscosity 67

3.2.7.3 Drying 67

3.2.7.4 Type of Knife 68

3.2.7.5 Knife Use Technologies 69

3.2.7.6 Type of Knife Coating 70

3.3 New Technologies in Polymer Coatings 71

3.3.1 Plasma Treatment Technology 71

3.3.2 Electrofluidodynamic Treatment Technology 72

3.3.3 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Based Method Technology 73

3.4 Coating Materials 73

3.4.1 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 74

3.4.2 Polyacrylics (PA) 74

3.4.3 Polyurethane (PU) 75

3.5 New Functionalities of Polymer Coatings 77

3.5.1 Application in Smart Textile 77

3.5.2 Flame Retardant 77

3.5.3 Water Repellence 79

3.5.4 Antibacterial Function 81

3.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook 82

References 82

**4 Functional Finishing of Textiles with -Cyclodextrin 87
**Aminoddin Haji

4.1 Introduction 87

4.2 Properties of Cyclodextrins 89

4.3 Chemical Modification of Cyclodextrins 91

4.4 Methods for Attachment of -CD on Textiles 91

4.5 Functional Properties Obtained by Attachment of -CD on Textiles 100

4.5.1 Antimicrobial Activity and Drug Delivery 100

4.5.2 Fragrance Release and Anti-Odor Finishing 101

4.5.3 Improved Dyeing and Printing 105

4.5.4 Wastewater Treatment 105

4.5.5 Flame Retardant Finishing 105

4.6 Conclusion 109

References 109

**5 Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Textile Industry 117
**Rizwan Arif , Sapana Jadoun and Anurakshee Verma

5.1 Introduction 118

5.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 119

5.2.1 Preparation of Chitosan Nano-Fibers 119 5.2.2 Preparat...