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Substation Automation Systems: Design and Implementation aims to close the gap created by fast changing technologies impacting on a series of legacy principles related to how substation secondary systems are conceived and implemented. It is intended to help those who have to define and implement SAS, whilst also conforming to the current industry best practice standards.
Key features:
Project-oriented approach to all practical aspects of SAS design and project development.
Uniquely focusses on the rapidly changing control aspect of substation design, using novel communication technologies and IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices).
Covers the complete chain of SAS components and related equipment instead of purely concentrating on intelligent electronic devices and communication networks.
Discusses control and monitoring facilities for auxiliary power systems.
Contributes significantly to the understanding of the standard IEC 61850, which is viewed as a "black box" for a significant number of professionals around the world.
Explains standard IEC 61850 – Communication networks and systems for power utility automation – to support all new systems networked to perform control, monitoring, automation, metering and protection functions.
Written for practical application, this book is a valuable resource for professionals operating within different SAS project stages including the: specification process; contracting process; design and engineering process; integration process; testing process and the operation and maintenance process.
Autorentext
**Evelio Padilla, ELEUNION, Caracas, Venezuela
**With over a decade of experience in substation control systems, Evelio Padilla has project managed numerous substation designs and constructions and has written several relevant technical publications. He is currently a consultant at ELEUNION C.A., which is dedicated to supplying high and medium voltage apparatus and components to electrical utilities and general industries. Previously, as Substation Division Manager at EDELCA (now CORPOELEC), he was responsible for design and construction of substations including technical specification, bids analysis, contracting procedure, review of detailed design, follow-up on the milestones, follow-up on the site work progress regularly. He was also Head of Substation Engineering Department, responsible for basic design of high voltage substations including preparation of technical specification for purchase order of secondary items, bids analysis, review of detailed design.
Zusammenfassung
Substation Automation Systems: Design and Implementation aims to close the gap created by fast changing technologies impacting on a series of legacy principles related to how substation secondary systems are conceived and implemented. It is intended to help those who have to define and implement SAS, whilst also conforming to the current industry best practice standards.
Key features:
Inhalt
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
1 Historical Evolution of Substation Automation Systems (SASs) 1
1.1 Emerging Communication Technologies 4
1.1.1 Serial Communication 4
1.1.2 Local Area Network 4
1.2 Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) 5
1.2.1 Functional Relays 5
1.2.2 Integrated Digital Units 5
1.3 Networking Media 5
1.3.1 Fiber?]Optic Cables 5
1.3.2 Network Switches 5
1.4 Communication Standards 6
1.4.1 IEC Standard 61850 (Communication Networks and Systems for Power Utility Automation) 6
1.4.2 IEEE Standard 802.3 (Ethernet) 6
Further Reading 8
2 Main Functions of Substation Automation Systems 9
2.1 Control Function 14
2.2 Monitoring Function 15
2.3 Alarming Function 16
2.4 Measurement Function 17
2.5 Setting and Monitoring of Protective Relays 17
2.6 Control and Monitoring of the Auxiliary Power System 17
2.7 Voltage Regulation 18
Further Reading 18
3 Impact of the IEC 61850 Standard on SAS Projects 19
3.1 Impact on System Implementation Philosophy 21
3.2 Impact on User Specification 21
3.3 Impact on the Overall Procurement Process 23
3.4 Impact on the Engineering Process 23
3.5 Impact on Project Execution 23
3.6 Impact on Utility Global Strategies 24
3.7 The Contents of the Standard 24
3.8 Dealing with the Standard 24
Further Reading 27
4 Switchyard Level, Equipment and Interfaces 29
4.1 Primary Equipment 29
4.1.1 Switchgear 31
4.1.1.1 Circuit Breaker 31
4.1.1.2 Disconnector 32
4.1.1.3 Earthing Switch 33
4.1.2 Instrument Transformers 34
4.1.2.1 Voltage Transformer 34
4.1.2.2 Current Transformer 34
4.1.3 Power Transformers 35
4.1.4 Other Primary Equipment 38
4.2 Medium and Low Voltage Components 39
4.3 Electrical Connections between Primary Equipment 40
4.3.1 Incoming Circuits 42
4.3.2 Outgoing Circuits 42
4.3.3 The Bay Concept 43
4.4 Substation Physical Layout 43
4.5 Control Requirements at Switchyard Level 44
Further Reading 46
5 Bay Level: Components and Incident Factors 49
5.1 Environmental and Operational Factors 49
5.1.1 Lightning Strike 49
5.1.2 Switching Transients 50
5.1.2.1 Disconnector Operation 50
5.1.2.2 Circuit Breaker Operation 51
5.1.3 Electromagnetic Disturbance Phenomenon 51
5.1.4 Lightning Protection Practices 52
5.1.5 Typical Earthing Systems 54
5.1.6 Measures to Minimize Electromagnetic Effects 56
5.2 Insulation Considerations in the Secondary System 57
5.3 Switchyard Control Rooms 57
5.4 Attributes of Control Cubicles 59
5.4.1 Constructive Features 59
5.4.2 Earthquake Withstand Capability 59
5.4.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 60
5.5 The Bay Controller (BC) 60
5.6 Other Bay Level Components 61
5.7 Process Bus 62
Further Reading 63
6 Station Level: Facilities and Functions 65
6.1 Main Control House 65
6.2 Station Controller 67
6.3 Human Machine Interface HMI 68
6.3.1 Start?]Up Screen 69
6.3.2 Main Box Screen 69
6.3.3 Users Administrator Screen 69
6.3.4 Primary Circuit Screen (Process Screen) 71
6.3.5 SAS Scheme Screen 71
6.3.6 Event List Screen 71
6.3.7 Alarm List Screen 72
6.4 External Alarming 73
6.5 Time Synchronization Facility 74
6.6 Protocol Conversion Task 74
6.6.1 Briefing on Digital Communication Protocols 75 6.6.2 Premises for Developing Protoco...