Emerging Extended Reality Technologies for Industry 4.0

In the fast-developing world of Industry 4.0, which combines Extended Reality (XR) technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), creating location aware applications to interact with smart objects and smart processes via Cloud Computing strategies enabled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), factories and processes can be automated and machines can be enabled with self-monitoring capabilities. Smart objects are given the ability to analyze and communicate with each other and their human co-workers, delivering the opportunity for much smoother processes, and freeing up workers for other tasks. Industry 4.0 enabled smart objects can be monitored, designed, tested and controlled via their digital twins, and these processes and controls are visualized in VR/AR. The Industry 4.0 technologies provide powerful, largely unexplored application areas that will revolutionize the way we work, collaborate and live our lives. It is important to understand the opportunities and impact of the new technologies and the effects from a production, safety and societal point of view.

Autorentext

Jolanda G. Tromp is a Human-Computer Interaction expert for User-Centered design and evaluation of new technologies (VR/AR/AI/IoT), with 20 years' experience as principal Usability investigator. She has a PhD in Systematic Usability Design and Evaluation for Collaborative Virtual Environments, 2001, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom, a BSc in Psychology (with honors) University of Amsterdam, Holland (1995). She is a research consultant for the Center of Visualization and Simulation at Duy Tan University, Vietnam; for the Mixed Reality Task Group of the State University of New York; and for the global Simulations Working Group. Dac-Nhuong Le is PhD Deputy-Head of Faculty of Information Technology, Haiphong University, Vietnam. His areas of research include: evolutionary computation, specialized with evolutionary multiobjective optimization, approximate algorithms, network communication, security and vulnerability, network performance analysis and simulation, cloud computing, image processing in biomedical. His core work in evolutionary multi-objective optimization, network security, wireless, mobile computing and virtual reality. He has edited several books for the Wiley-Scrivener imprint. Chung Van Le is Vice-Director Center of Visualization and Simulation. He has a MSc in Computer Science from Duy Tan University, 2011, Vietnam and a BSc in Computer Science at Da Nang University, 2004, Vietnam. He is currently pursuing a PhD at Duy Tan University, Vietnam. He researches medical image processing, e-Health, virtual simulation in medicine. He is Duy Tan University Lead Software Developer for 3D virtual body system for teaching anatomy and virtual endoscopic techniques for medical students.

Klappentext
The book explores the new research and applications in Industry 4.0, combining Extended Reality (XR) technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), creating location aware applications to interact with smart objects and smart processes via Cloud Computing strategies enabled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). In the fast-developing world of Industry 4.0, which combines Extended Reality (XR) technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), creating location aware applications to interact with smart objects and smart processes via Cloud Computing strategies enabled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), factories and processes can be automated and machines can be enabled with self-monitoring capabilities. Smart objects are given the ability to analyze and communicate with each other and their human co-workers, delivering the opportunity for much smoother processes, and freeing up workers for other tasks. Industry 4.0 enabled smart objects can be monitored, designed, tested and controlled via their digital twins, and these processes and controls are visualized in VR/AR. The Industry 4.0 technologies provide powerful, largely unexplored application areas that will revolutionize the way we work, collaborate and live our lives. It is important to understand the opportunities and impact of the new technologies and the effects from a production, safety and societal point of view. Audience This book is intended for academic and industrial developers, exploring and developing applications in the Industry 4.0/Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality/Artificial Intelligence/Internet of Things/Robotics space, including those that are solving technology requirements.

Inhalt
List of Figures xi

List of Tables xv

Foreword xvii

Introduction xix

Preface xxiii

Acknowledgments xxv

Acronyms xxvii

Part I Extended Reality Education

**1 Mixed Reality Use in Higher Education: Results from an International Survey 3
**J. Riman, N. Winters, J. Zelenak, I. Yucel, J. G. Tromp

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 Organizational Framework 4

1.3 Online Survey About MR Usage 5

1.4 Results 6

1.4.1 Use in Classrooms 8

1.4.2 Challenges 9

1.4.3 Examples of Research in Action 10

1.4.4 Hardware and Software for Use in Classrooms and Research 10

1.4.5 Challenges Described by Researcher Respondents 12

1.4.6 Anecdotal Responses about Challenges 12

1.5 Conclusion 13

References 15

**2 Applying 3D VR Technology for Human Body Simulation to Teaching, Learning and Studying 17
**Le Van Chung, Gia Nhu Nguyen, Tung Sanh Nguyen, Tri Huu Nguyen, Dac-Nhuong Le

2.1 Introduction 18

2.2 Related Works 18

2.3 3D Human Body Simulation System 19

2.3.1 The Simulated Human Anatomy Systems 19

2.3.2 Simulated Activities and Movements 20

2.3.3 Evaluation of the System 23

2.4 Discussion of Future Work 25

2.5 Conclusion 26

References 26

Part II Internet of Things

**3 A Safety Tracking and Sensor System for School Buses in Saudi Arabia 31
**Samah Abbas, Hajar Mohammed, Laila Almalki Maryam Hassan, Maram Meccawy

3.1 Introduction 32

3.2 Related Work 32

3.3 Data Gathering Phase 33

3.3.1 Questionnaire 34

3.3.2 Driver Interviews 35

3.4 The Proposed Safety Tracking and Sensor School Bus System 36

3.4.1 System Analysis and Design 37

3.4.2 User Interface Design 38

3.5 Testing and Results 41

3.6 Discussion and Limitation 42

3.7 Conclusions and Future Work 42

References 42

**4 A Lightweight Encryption Algorithm Applied to a Quantized Speech Image for Secure IoT 45
**Mourad Talbi

4.1 Introduction 46

4.2 Applications of IoT 46

4.3 Security Challenges in IoT 47

4.4 Cryptographic Algorithms for IoT 47

4.5 The Proposed Algorithm 48

4.6 Experimental Setup 50

4.7 Results and Discussion 52

4.8 Conclusion 57

References 58

Part III Mobile Technology

**5 The Impact of Social Media Adoption on Entrepreneurial Ecosystem 63
**Bodor Almotairy, Manal Abdullah, Rabeeh Abbasi

5.1 Introduction 64

5.2 Background 65

5.2.1 Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) 65

5.2.2 Social Media 65

5.2.3 Social Networks and Entrepreneurial Activities 66

5.3 Analysis Methodology 66

5.4 Understanding the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem 67

5.5 Social Media and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem 69

5.5.1 Social Media Platforms and Entrepreneurship 71

5.5.2 The Drivers of Social Media Adoption 71

5.5.3 The Motivations and Benefits for Entrepreneurs to Use Social Media 71

5.5.4 Entrepreneurship Activities Analysis Techniques in Social Media Networks 71

5.6 Research Gap and Recommended Solution 73

5.6.1 Research Gap 73

5.6.2 Recommended Solution 74

5.7 Conclusion 74

References 75

**6 Human Factors for E-Health Training System: UX Testing for XR Anatomy Training App 81
***Zhushun Timothy Cai, Oliver Medonza, Kristen Ray, Chung Van Le, Damian Schofield, Jolan…