Mass Spectrometry

The latest edition of a highly successful textbook, Mass
Spectrometry, Third Edition provides students with a complete
overview of the principles, theories and key applications of modern
mass spectrometry. All instrumental aspects of mass spectrometry
are clearly and concisely described: sources, analysers and
detectors. Tandem mass spectrometry is introduced early on and then
developed in more detail in a later chapter. Emphasis is placed
throughout the text on optimal utilisation conditions. Various
fragmentation patterns are described together with analytical
information that derives from the mass spectra.

This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and has
been redesigned to give the book a more contemporary look. As with
previous editions it contains numerous examples, references and a
series of exercises of increasing difficulty to encourage student
understanding. Updates include: Increased coverage of MALDI and
ESI, more detailed description of time of flight spectrometers, new
material on isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and an expanded range
of applications.

Mass Spectrometry, Third Edition is an invaluable
resource for all undergraduate and postgraduate students using this
technique in departments of chemistry, biochemistry, medicine,
pharmacology, agriculture, material science and food science. It is
also of interest for researchers looking for an overview of the
latest techniques and developments.

Autorentext

Edmond de Hoffmann, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium & Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.

Vincent Stroobant, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.

Klappentext

Mass Spectrometry, Third Edition provides students with a complete overview of the principles, theories and key applications of modern mass spectrometry. Extensively revised and updated, the third edition of this successful textbook focuses on recent developments in techniques and applications. All instrumental aspects of mass spectrometry are clearly and concisely described. Emphasis is placed throughout the text on practical application examples. As with previous editions, it contains numerous tables of useful data, references and a series of exercises of increasing difficulty to encourage student understanding.

• Provides a complete overview of the principles, theories and applications of modern mass spectrometry
• An extensive revision and update including: increased coverage of MALDI and ESI, resolution and mass accuracy and activation of ions
• New material about instruments such as linear traps, Orbitrap, TOF/TOF, hybrid instruments, and about new atmospheric ionisation techniques such as APPI, DESI, DART. The range of applications has been expanded and newer methods such as metabolome are included
• Contains numerous examples and exercises to encourage student understanding
  Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications, Third Edition will prove invaluable to undergraduates and postgraduates using this technique in departments of chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, agriculture, materials science and food science. It will also appeal to researchers looking for an overview of the latest techniques and developments.

Zusammenfassung
The latest edition of a highly successful textbook, Mass Spectrometry, Third Edition provides students with a complete overview of the principles, theories and key applications of modern mass spectrometry. All instrumental aspects of mass spectrometry are clearly and concisely described: sources, analysers and detectors. Tandem mass spectrometry is introduced early on and then developed in more detail in a later chapter. Emphasis is placed throughout the text on optimal utilisation conditions. Various fragmentation patterns are described together with analytical information that derives from the mass spectra. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and has been redesigned to give the book a more contemporary look. As with previous editions it contains numerous examples, references and a series of exercises of increasing difficulty to encourage student understanding. Updates include: Increased coverage of MALDI and ESI, more detailed description of time of flight spectrometers, new material on isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and an expanded range of applications.

Mass Spectrometry, Third Edition is an invaluable resource for all undergraduate and postgraduate students using this technique in departments of chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, agriculture, material science and food science. It is also of interest for researchers looking for an overview of the latest techniques and developments.

Inhalt

Preface xi

Introduction 1

Principles 1

Diagram of a Mass Spectrometer 4

History 5

Ion Free Path 10

1 Ion Sources 15

1.1 Electron Ionization 15

1.2 Chemical Ionization 17

1.2.1 Proton transfer 19

1.2.2 Adduct formation 21

1.2.3 Charge-transfer chemical ionization 21

1.2.4 Reagent gas 22

1.2.5 Negative ion formation 25

1.2.6 Desorption chemical ionization 27

1.3 Field Ionization 28

1.4 Fast Atom Bombardment and Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry 29

1.5 Field Desorption 31

1.6 Plasma Desorption 32

1.7 Laser Desorption 33

1.8 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization 33

1.8.1 Principle of MALDI 33

1.8.2 Practical considerations 36

1.8.3 Fragmentations 39

1.8.4 Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization 39

1.9 Thermospray 41

1.10 Atmospheric Pressure Ionization 42

1.11 Electrospray 43

1.11.1 Multiply charged ions 46

1.11.2 Electrochemistry and electric field as origins of multiply charged ions 48

1.11.3 Sensitivity to concentration 50

1.11.4 Limitation of ion current from the source by the electrochemical process 51

1.11.5 Practical considerations 54

1.12 Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization 55

1.13 Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization 56

1.14 Atmospheric Pressure Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry 61

1.14.1 Desorption electrospray ionization 61

1.14.2 Direct analysis in real time 62

1.15 Inorganic Ionization Sources 65

1.15.1 Thermal ionization source 65

1.15.2 Spark source 67

1.15.3 Glow discharge source 68

1.15.4 Inductively coupled plasma source 69

1.15.5 Practical considerations 71

1.16 Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions 72

1.17 Formation and Fragmentation of Ions: Basic Rules 76

1.17.1 Electron ionization and photoionization under vacuum 77

1.17.2 Ionization at low pressure or at atmospheric pressure 77

1.17.3 Proton transfer 77

1.17.4 Adduct formation 78

1.17.5 Formation of aggregates or clusters 79

1.17.6 Reactions at the interface between source and analyser 79

2 Mass Analysers 85

2.1 Quadrupole Analysers 88

2.1.1 Description 88

2.1.2 Equations of motion 91

2.1.3 Ion guide and collision cell 96

2.1.4 Spectrometers with several quadrupoles in tandem 98

2.2 Ion Trap Analysers 100

2.2.1 The 3D ion trap 100

2.2.2 The 2D ion trap 117

2.3 The Electrostatic Trap or 'Orbitrap' 122

2.4 Time-of-Flight Analysers 126

2.4.1 Linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer 126

2.4.2 Delayed pulsed extraction 129

2.4.3 Reflectrons 131

2.4.4 Tandem mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyser 134

2.4.5 Orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight instruments 139

2.5 Magnetic and Electromagnetic Analysers 143

2.5.1 Action of the magnetic field 143

2.5.2 Electrostatic field 144

2.5.3 Dispersion and resolution 145

2.5.4 Practical considerations 146

2.5.5 Tandem mass spectrometry in electromagnetic analysers 149

2.6 Ion Cyclotron Resonance and Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry 157

2.6.1 General principle 157

2.6.2 Ion cyclotron resonance 159

2.…