Cytology and Cell Physiology

Cytology and Cell Physiology, Third Edition focuses on cell cytology and physiology as well as recent advances in the techniques in studying cells, including microscopy. It also describes cell membranes, surface, and physiology; cytoplasmic constituents; nucleus and nucleocytoplasmic reactions; enzyme histochemistry and cytochemistry; viruses within cells; and morphology of the cancer cell.
Organized into 13 chapters, this edition begins with a historical overview of cytology, the template hypothesis of protein synthesis, and the respiratory function of mitochondria. It then discusses the subcellular components and their centrifugal isolation, some general principles of microscopy, selected physical and physicochemical methods, applications of enzyme histochemistry to electron microscopy, and structure and physical properties of the plasma membrane. The remaining chapters focus on the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the nucleus and its role in cell metabolism, RNA synthesis and movement, the behavior of viruses within cells, and pathological changes in cells. The book concludes with a chapter on the function and metabolism of cancer cells.
This book is highly recommended to cytologists, investigators in the field of pathology, and graduate students in biology, biochemistry, physiology, and anatomy.

Inhalt

List of Contributors

Preface

Preface to First Edition

Preface to Second Edition

1 Introduction

I. Historical Aspects of Cytology

II. The Template Hypothesis of Protein Synthesis

III. The Respiratory Function of Mitochondria

References

2 Centrifugal Isolation of Subcellular Components

I. Introduction

II. Subcellular Organelles: Their Isolation, Composition, and Function

III. Concluding Remarks

References

3 Microscopy

I. Introduction

II. Some General Principles

III. Special Methods of Microscopy

IV. Conclusion

References

4 Selected Physical and Physicochemical Methods

I. Introduction

II. Cytoplasmic Properties

III. Electrical Properties of Cells

IV. Analytical Methods

References

5 Enzyme Histochemistry and Cytochemistry

I. Introduction

II. Fixation

III. Phosphatases

IV. Esterases

V. Glycosidases

VI. Transglycosylases

VII. Proteolytic Enzymes

VIII. Oxidases

IX. Dehydrogenases

X. Applications of Enzyme Histochemistry to Electron Microscopy

References

6 The Cell Surface and Cell Physiology

I. Introduction

II. Structure and Physical Properties of the Plasma Membrane

III. Fertilization, Artificial Parthenogenesis, Cell Division, and Protoplasmic Streaming

References

7 The Endoplasmic Reticulum

I. Definition

II. General Description of a-Cytomembranes

III. The Fine Structure of the a-Cytomembranes

IV. The Occurrence of a-Cytomembranes and Ribosomes

V. The a-Cytomembranes in the Living Cells

VI. Chemistry of the a-Cytomembranes and Ribosomes

VII. The Relationship between the a-Cytomembranes and Other Cytoplasmic Membranes

VIII. Are the a-Cytomembranes Continuous with the Plasma Membrane?

IX. The Topographical Relationship between a-Cytomembranes and the Mitochondria

X. The Relationship between a-Cytomembranes and Cytoplasmic Vesicles

XI. The Development of a-Cytomembranes

XII. The Function of the a-Cytomembranes

XIII. Historical Notes

References

8 Mitochondria and the Golgi Complex

I. Introduction

II. Mitochondria

III. The Golgi Apparatus

References

9 The Nucleus and Chromosomes: A Cytological Perspective

I. General

II. Morphological and Chemical Description of the Nucleus

III. The Chromosomes as Repositories of Genetic Information

IV. Chromosome Structure and the Orderly Sequestering of Genetic Information

V. Two Cases Reflecting the Cytology of Transcriber Function

References

10 Nucleocytoplasmic Relationships

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. "Minor" Activities of the Nucleus

IV. RNA Synthesis and Movement

V. Protein Synthesis

VI. Action of Cytoplasm (and Environment) on Nuclear Behavior and Metabolism

VII. Relative Roles of Nucleus and Cytoplasm in the Heredity of the Cell

VIII. The Nuclear Membrane as a Barrier between Nucleus and Cytoplasm

IX. Hypothesis Concerning Machinery of Communication between Cytoplasm and Nucleus

X. Conclusion

References

11 Viruses and Cells

I. Introduction

II. The Anatomy of Viruses

III. The Behavior of Viruses within Cells

IV. Conclusions

References

12 Pathological Changes in Cells

I. Introduction

II. Recent Discoveries about Cell Injury

III. Subcellular Pathology; the Chemical Geography of the Injured Cell

References

13 The Cancer Cell

I. General Properties of Tumor Cells

II. Morphology of the Cancer Cell

III. Some Remarks about Function in the Cancer Cell

IV. A Note on Exfoliative Cytology

References

General References

Author Index

Subject Index