Controlled Natural Language

Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are subsets of natural languages, obtained by - stricting the grammar and vocabulary in order to reduce or eliminate ambiguity and complexity. Traditionally, controlled languagesfall into two major types: those that - prove readability for human readers, and those that enable reliable automatic semantic analysis of the language. [. . . ] The second type of languages has a formal logical basis, i. e. they have a formal syntax and semantics, and can be mapped to an existing formal language, such as ?rst-order logic. Thus, those languages can be used as knowledge representation languages, and writing of those languages is supported by fully au- matic consistency and redundancy checks, query answering, etc. Wikipedia Variouscontrollednatural languagesof the second type have been developedby a n- ber of organizations, and have been used in many different application domains, most recently within the Semantic Web. The workshop CNL 2009 was dedicated to discussing the similarities and the d- ferences of existing controlled natural languages of the second type, possible impro- ments to these languages, relations to other knowledge representation languages, tool support, existing and future applications, and further topics of interest.

Inhalt

Language Aspects.- An Evaluation Framework for Controlled Natural Languages.- Rhetorical Compositions for Controlled Natural Languages.- Anaphora Resolution Involving Interactive Knowledge Acquisition.- Talking Rabbit: A User Evaluation of Sentence Production.- Naturalness vs. Predictability: A Key Debate in Controlled Languages.- Implementing Controlled Languages in GF.- Polysemy in Controlled Natural Language Texts.- Economical Discourse Representation Theory.- Controlled English Ontology-Based Data Access.- SBVR's Approach to Controlled Natural Language.- Tools and Applications.- The Naproche Project Controlled Natural Language Proof Checking of Mathematical Texts.- On Designing Controlled Natural Languages for Semantic Annotation.- Development of a Controlled Natural Language Interface for Semantic MediaWiki.- A Controlled Language for the Specification of Contracts.- Rabbit to OWL: Ontology Authoring with a CNL-Based Tool.- Writing Clinical Practice Guidelines in Controlled Natural Language.- What Are Controlled Natural Languages?.- On Controlled Natural Languages: Properties and Prospects.