Introduction to Soil Mechanics

INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MECHANICS

Introduction to Soil Mechanics covers the basic principles of soil mechanics, illustrating why the properties of soil are important, the techniques used to understand and characterise soil behaviour and how that knowledge is then applied in construction. The authors have endeavoured to define and discuss the principles and concepts concisely, providing clear, detailed explanations, and a wellillustrated text with diagrams, charts, graphs and tables. With many practical, worked examples and end-of-chapter problems (with fully worked solutions available at www.wiley.com/go/bodo/soilmechanics) and coverage of Eurocode 7, Introduction to Soil Mechanics will be an ideal starting point for the study of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering.

This book's companion website is at
www.wiley.com/go/bodo/soilmechanics and offers invaluable resources for both students and lecturers:

• Supplementary problems

• Solutions to supplementary problems

Autorentext

About the Authors

Béla Bodó B.Sc., B.A., C.Eng., M.I.C.E, was born in Hungary and studied at Budapest Technical University, the University of London and the Open University. He developed his expertise in Soil Mechanics during his employment with British Rail and British Coal. Colin Jones B.Sc, C.Eng., M.I.C.E, P.G.C.E, studied at the University of Dundee, and worked at British Coal where he and Béla were colleagues. He has recently retired from the University of Wales, Newport where he was Programme Director for the Civil Engineering provision, specializing in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics.

Klappentext
Introduction to SOIL MECHANICS

Introduction to Soil Mechanics covers the basic principles of soil mechanics, illustrating why the properties of soil are important, the techniques used to understand and characterise soil behaviour and how that knowledge is then applied in construction. The authors have endeavoured to define and discuss the principles and concepts concisely, providing clear, detailed explanations, and a wellillustrated text with diagrams, charts, graphs and tables. With many practical, worked examples and end-of-chapter problems (with fully worked solutions available at www.wiley.com/go/bodo/soilmechanics) and coverage of Eurocode 7, Introduction to Soil Mechanics will be an ideal starting point for the study of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This book's companion website is at
www.wiley.com/go/bodo/soilmechanics and offers invaluable resources for both students and lecturers:

• Supplementary problems
• Solutions to supplementary problems

Zusammenfassung
INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MECHANICS

Introduction to Soil Mechanics covers the basic principles of soil mechanics, illustrating why the properties of soil are important, the techniques used to understand and characterise soil behaviour and how that knowledge is then applied in construction. The authors have endeavoured to define and discuss the principles and concepts concisely, providing clear, detailed explanations, and a wellillustrated text with diagrams, charts, graphs and tables. With many practical, worked examples and end-of-chapter problems (with fully worked solutions available at www.wiley.com/go/bodo/soilmechanics) and coverage of Eurocode 7, Introduction to Soil Mechanics will be an ideal starting point for the study of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering.

This book's companion website is at
www.wiley.com/go/bodo/soilmechanics and offers invaluable resources for both students and lecturers:

• Supplementary problems
• Solutions to supplementary problems

Inhalt

Preface xii

Dedication and Acknowledgments xiii

List of Symbols xiv

1 Soil Structure 1

1.1 Volume relationships 1

1.1.1 Voids ratio (e) 2

1.1.2 Porosity (n) 3

1.1.3 Degree of saturation (*S*r) 3

1.2 Weightvolume relationships 6

1.2.1 Bulk densities 7

1.2.2 Dry densities 8

1.2.3 Saturated densities 8

1.2.4 Submerged densities () 9

1.2.5 Density of solids (**s) 10

1.2.6 Specific gravity (*G*s) 10

1.2.7 Moisture content (m) 11

1.2.8 Partially saturated soil 12

1.2.9 Relative density (Dr) 18

1.3 Alteration of soil structure by compaction 20

1.3.1 Laboratory compaction tests 21

1.3.2 Practical considerations 26

1.3.3 Relative compaction (*C*r) 27

1.3.4 Compactive effort 27

1.3.5 Under- and overcompaction 28

1.3.6 Site tests of compaction 28

1.4 California bearing ratio (CBR) test 30

1.5 The pycnometer 35

Supplementary problems for Chapter 1 39

2 Classification of Cohesive Soils 43

2.1 Atterberg Limits 43

2.1.1 Liquid Limit (LL) 43

2.1.2 Plastic Limit 48

2.1.3 Shrinkage Limit 50

2.1.4 Swelling of cohesive soils 56

2.1.5 Saturation Limit (Z%) 56

2.1.6 Relationship between the limits 57

2.1.7 Linear shrinkage and swelling 59

2.2 Consistency indices 64

2.2.1 Plasticity index (PI) 64

2.2.2 Relative consistency index (RI) 64

2.2.3 Liquidity index (LI) 64

2.3 Classification of soils by particle size 69

2.3.1 Sieve analysis 69

2.3.2 Uniformity coefficient (U) 73

2.3.3 Filter design 74

2.3.4 Typical problems 77

2.3.5 Combination of materials 78

2.3.6 Sedimentation tests 85

Supplementary problems for Chapter 2 91

3 Permeability and Seepage 92

3.1 Coefficient of permeability (k) 93

3.2 Seepage velocity (*u*s) 94

3.3 Determination of the value of k 96

3.3.1 Constant head test 96

3.3.2 Falling head test 98

3.4 Field pumping tests 102

3.4.1 Unconfined layer 102

3.4.2 Radius of influence (R) 104

3.4.3 Confined layer under artesian pressure (**A) 106

3.5 Permeability of stratified soil 107

3.6 Flow nets 108

3.6.1 Flow lines (FL) 109

3.6.2 Head loss in a flow channel 111

3.6.3 Equipotential lines (EPL) 111

3.6.4 Flow net construction 113

3.6.5 Application of flow nets 114

3.6.6 Seepage flowrate (Q) 114

3.6.7 Seepage pressure 115

3.6.8 Seepage force (S) 119

3.7 Erosion due to seepage 121

3.8 Prevention of piping 128

3.9 Flow net for earth dams 129

Supplementary problems for Chapter 3 135

4 Pressure at Depth Due to Surface Loading 139

4.1 Concentrated point load 140

4.2 Concentrated line load 142

4.3 Uniform strip loading (Michell's solution) 144

4.4 Bulb of pressure diagrams 147

4.5 Vertical pressure under triangular strip load 151

4.6 Vertical pressure under circular area 156

4.7 Rectangular footing 159

4.8 Footings of irregular shape 163

4.9 Pressure distribution under footings 167

4.9.1 Influence of footing 167

4.9.2 Influence of loading 170

4.10 Linear dispersion of pressure 170 Supplemen...